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Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in Children and Adolescents

Pediatric EM Morsels

First line therapies for anti-NMBDA receptor encephalitis consists of… High dose steroids , IVIG, and PLEX – Therapeutic plasma exchange Only 50% of patient’s respond, and will require second line therapies such as Rituximab. 2014 Feb;13(2):167-77. 2014 Feb;13(2):135. Lancet Neurol. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70282-5.

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Snake Bites and Children

Pediatric EM Morsels

In the US, the venomous snakes include rattlesnakes , copperheads, cottonmouths/water moccasins , and coral snakes [ CDC, 2021 ] Rattlesnakes live all across the United State s Copperheads inhabit the eastern U.S. as far west as Texas Cottonmouths/Water Moccasins live in the southeastern U.S.

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ToxCard: Diethylene Glycol

EMDocs

DEG is rapidly absorbed when ingested and can reach peak plasma and brain tissue concentrations within four hours of ingestion. 6, 1 June 2014, pp. Pharmacokinetics: 2 No minimal toxic dose has been established, however, doses up to 22 mg seem to be safe for adults from the available literature. Conklin, Laura, et al.

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ToxCard: Chronic Organophosphate Toxicity

EMDocs

Iran Red Crescent Med J 16: e5072, 2014. Two assays available used to help confirm diagnosis, however, do not guide treatment Low levels of activity are consistent with organophosphate poisoning. These are send-out labs with turn-around times that make them unlikely to affect the ED course. Section 15: Toxicology: 1301-1303. CorePendium.

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ToxCard: Acute Organophosphate Toxicity

EMDocs

8 Plasma butyrylcholinesterase (“pseudocholinesterase”) activity Easier to assay and is more widely available Red cell acetylcholinesterase (“true cholinesterase”) activity More accurate and specific Management: Patients require immediate intervention if there is concern for acute organophosphate poisoning. BMC Res Notes. 2013; 6:524.

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Popular Antiobesity Medications Bring New Challenges to Emergency Physicians

ACEP Now

One side effect of this medication is that it can reduce the absorption of antiepileptic medications such as valproate, vigabatrin, and lamotrigine and reduce their plasma concentration, thus putting patients taking these medications at higher risk of seizure. Deerfield, Illinois: Takeda Pharmaceuticals America Inc; 2014. Steatorrhea.

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Utility of D-dimer Testing in Special Populations

EMDocs

Acute Aortic Dissection (AAD) A meta-analysis found that plasma D-dimer level <500 ng/mL is useful for identifying patients who are unlikely to have an AAD and do not require further aortic imaging. 2014 Apr 23-30;311(16):1694]. Published 2010 Mar 30. doi:10.1136/bmj.c1475 Righini M, Van Es J, Den Exter PL, et al. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.2135

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