EMS 12-Lead

APRIL 14, 2022

It should be emphasized here that this is a presentation of high-pretest probability for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). ACS and hyperkalemia both have lethal downstream consequences, so it is imperative for the clinician to acclimate to the presentation, or developing, features of each. ECG's are difficult. 2] Costanzo, L.

ACS 130

ACS Paramedic Coronary ALS 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 4, 2022

Smith: If this is ACS (a big if), t his is just the time when one should NOT use "upstream" dual anti-platelet therapy ("upstream" means in the ED before angiography). History sounds concerning for ACS (could be critical stenosis, triple vessel), but differential also includes dissection, GI bleed, etc. Am J Med 2019, 132(5):622-630.

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS STEMI ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 25, 2024

Here is the post shock ECG: Cardiology was called stat for ischemic VT, query SCAD vs thrombotic occlusion vs coronary vasospasm. Cath lab was activated: There was no coronary artery disease, but there was spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) of the distal LAD, which was narrowed by 95%, and treated medically.

OR 66

OR STEMI ACS Coronary 66

Don't Forget the Bubbles

OCTOBER 7, 2024

However, vertical flow can result in myocardial injury secondary to coronary artery spasm. This is supplied via alternating current (AC), increasing the risk of titanic contraction of skeletal muscle, leading to kids holding on to the electrical power source. AC and DC shocks may result in different injury patterns.

ACS 80

ACS Life Support OR CPR 80

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 24, 2019

The biphasic T wave is consistent with recent reperfusion of an occluded coronary artery supplying the inferior region. Here’s the angiogram of the RCA : No thrombus or plaque rupture in the RCA (or any coronary artery) was found. This MI wasn’t caused by a ruptured plaque of CAD - it was a coronary artery dissection of the RCA.

Coronary 52

Coronary CAD ACS STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 30, 2022

The fire department, who operate at an EMT level in this municipality, arrived before us and administered 324 mg of baby aspirin to the patient due to concern for ACS. Such cases are classified as MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructed Coronary Arteries). An angiogram is a "lumenogram;" most plaque is EXTRALUMINAL!!

Emergency Department 52

Emergency Department E-9-1-1 Coronary STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 9, 2024

Ischemia from ACS causing the chest discomfort, with VT another consequence (or coincidence)? Cardioversion will address the rhythm problem immediately, also if the chest discomfort subsides when SR is restored, ischemia from ACS becomes much less likely. In either case, prompt cardioversion is indicated.

Coronary 103

Coronary ACS ED OR 103

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 12, 2024

Click here to sign up for Queen of Hearts Access Given the lack of intracranial hemorrhage, the patient was administered aspirin for suspected ACS and cardiology was consulted. Preliminary findings documented in the cath lab were “Anterior STEMI and no significant coronary artery disease.” (!!!) Version 2 = 0.0272. ng/mL and 0.10

STEMI 103

STEMI Coronary Emergency Department OR 103

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 13, 2020

Here is the EMS ECG: Obviously massive diffuse subendocardial ischemia, with profound STD and STE in aVR Of course this pattern is most often seen from etoliogies other than ACS. The case I presented in My Comment to that March 9, 2020 post showed a patient with this pattern — who on cath had no more than minimal coronary disease.

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS EMS STEMI 52

EMS 12-Lead

APRIL 8, 2022

Cardiology admitted him for observation with plans for next-day coronary angiogram. Smith and Meyers found that patients presenting with high-risk ACS and any ST-depression, even less than 1 mm, maximal in leads V1-V4 to be 97% specific for OMI and 96% specific for OMI requiring emergent PCI. [5] 1] Driver, B. 3] Niu, T., 4] Yang, T.,

STEMI 130

STEMI ALS Coronary CAD 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 14, 2023

We who know ischemic ECGs know that really when T-wave inversion is specific for coronary thrombosis that it indicates reperfusion of the artery, not active occlusion. For examples of such exceptions — See My Comment in the January 9, 2019 — August 22, 2020 — and June 30, 2023 posts in Dr. Smith's ECG Blog ). Some patients do this.

E-9-1-1 111

E-9-1-1 Coronary EMS ED 111

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 3, 2022

It was a 60yo with a history of stents to the circumflex and right coronary arteries, who presented with 9 hours of fluctuating central chest pain. This is step 4 : relying on the first troponin level to rule out acute coronary occlusion. 4] CT revealed no dissection but extensive coronary atherosclerosis.

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary ALS ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 1, 2022

The 50-something patient with history of coronary stenting and slightly reduced LV ejection fraction. which would suggest reduced rates of major adverse cardiac events with coronary artery bypass grafting." On the other hand, stable EKG over an hour in the setting of ongoing acute coronary syndrome is again unusual.

Overdose 52

Overdose OR Coronary ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 28, 2020

Some providers were worried about ACS because of this ECG. My answer alleviated their concern for ACS and no further workup was done for ACS. showed that , when T-waves are inverted in precordial leads, if they are also inverted in lead III and V1, then pulmonary embolism is far more likely than ACS. Kosuge et al.

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 ACS ALS OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 25, 2023

Moreover, the Queen is only supposed to be used with a high pretest probability of ACS/OMI. Instead — it commonly reflects ischemia from severe underlying coronary disease. We just finished training version 2 with some cases of hypokalemia, so that is in the future. Magnesium later resulted at 0.8 mg/dL, and ionized calcium was 0.73

Overdose 117

Overdose OR ACS ICU 117

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 12, 2020

And so it is wise to look at the coronary arteries. This ECG certainly looks like myocarditis, and was due to myocarditis, but missing acute coronary occlusion is not acceptable. In a series of 18 patients with COVID and ST elevation, 8 were diagnosed with STEMI, 6 of whom had an angiogram and it showed obstructive coronary disease.

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 STEMI Coronary ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 28, 2019

For coronary anatomy, see here: [link] This is the post intervention ECG: All ST Elevation is gone (more proof that it was all a result of ischemia) Formal Echo: Normal estimated left ventricular ejection fraction - 55%. K EY P oints : This patient has known coronary disease. It was stented. Compare with an old ECG.

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS ED OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 13, 2019

Written by Pendell Meyers A man in his late 40s with several ACS risk factors presented with a chief complaint of chest pain. The cardiologists felt that the ECG did not represent ACS, and thought it was more likely pericarditis, so they did not take him to the cath lab. His first troponin T then resulted elevated at 0.19

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 ACS Coronary CAD 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 10, 2019

The pediatric team felt it might be ACS, but on review of his prior ECGs, it was thought to be really unchanged from the 2 prior and more consistent with myocarditis. But young people do have MI, due to anomalous coronary arteries, coronary artery dissection, Kawasaki dz, even atherosclerotic plaque rupture, and other etiologies.

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 Coronary OR ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 15, 2023

Learning Points : Serial ECG are very valuable when it comes to identifying a dynamic process such as ACS. Eventually with more training the QoH will outperform any human in the detection of acute coronary occlusion. This patient’s OMI was identified early due to expert ECG interpretation.

ACS 60

ACS STEMI Coronary EMS 60

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 6, 2019

She did not receive any opioids (which would mask her pain without affecting any underlying ACS). I believe this is by far the most common outcome for this patient around the world in 2019. European Heart Journal 2019. She was asymptomatic at the time of this ECG recorded on arrival to our ED: What do you think? Lemkes et al.

STEMI 52

STEMI ALS ACS OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 11, 2019

When in doubt, record serial ECGs and watch out for signs of ischemia despite medical management. == Comment by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 7/11/2019 ): == Our thanks to Drs. This is a h igher - p revalence H istory for acute coronary disease. Mogul, Meyers and Smith for this illustrative case.

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS CAD ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 26, 2019

I wouldn't activate the lab for this EKG alone, but if the patient is clinically compatible with ACS you could call a heart alert. The patient went emergently to the cath lab, where all coronary arteries were found to be normal. Note: Normal coronary arteries at the time of cath of course does not rule out the possibility of OMI.

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary OR ED 52

EMDocs

JANUARY 20, 2024

The catheterization lab is activated, but catheterization shows no coronary artery occlusion. ECG shows ST-segment elevation in V3-V6 only with depression in aVR. Initial troponin is mildly elevated. On further questioning, the patient denies recent illness but does mention that her daughter passed away in a car accident yesterday.

E-9-1-1 74

E-9-1-1 EMS Coronary ACS 74

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 8, 2023

According to the STEMI paradigm, the patient doesn’t have an acute coronary occlusion and doesn't need emergent reperfusion, so the paramedics can bring them to the ED for assessment, without involving cardiologists. STEMI criteria, and automated interpretations based on it, will miss acute coronary occlusion. Eur Heart J 2019 5.

STEMI 66

STEMI Coronary Paramedic ALS 66