Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 5, 2023

An ECG was perfomed on arrival to our ED: NSR with ST elevation II,III, aVF with reciprocal depression in aVL Would you refer this pediatric patient for emergent PCI? Pediatric cardiology performed a bedside echo in ED with EF estimation of 60%, no pericardial effusion, and no regional wall motion abnormalities. Epub 2021 May 20.

Coronary 112

Coronary CAD ACS ALS 112

Don't Forget the Bubbles

JULY 22, 2024

Pre-school wheezers remain a poorly understood cohort of children despite seeing them every day in paediatric EDs. However, there was no difference in LOS (83 minutes for placebo vs 79 minutes for prednisolone) in participants who were discharged straight from the ED ( 32% ). Compare this with the Panickar et al. study from 200 9.

E-9-1-1 105

E-9-1-1 ALS ACS ED 105

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 31, 2020

A middle-aged man complained of 15 minutes of classic angina that resolved upon arrival to the ED. But it does prove that the patient has coronary disease and makes the probability that his chest pain is due to ACS very very high. Figure-1: The initial ECG that was done in the ED ( See text ).

ED 52

ED Coronary ACS CAD 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2023

References: 1) See this study showing an association between morphine and mortality in Non-STE-ACS: Meine TJ, Roe M, Chen A, Patel M, Washam J, Ohman E, Peacock W, Pollack C, Gibler W, Peterson E. Link to abstract Link to full text 2) Use of Morphine in Non-STE-ACS is independently associated with mortality, at odds ratio of 1.4

E-9-1-1 78

E-9-1-1 ACS STEMI Coronary 78

EMDocs

OCTOBER 8, 2024

Episode 108: Unexplained Sinus Tachycardia Mental Model Background: When a patient in the ED has sinus tachycardia our job as emergency physicians is to identify and treat of the underlying pathology. Lactate Troponin Could this be ACS or myocarditis? In the ED, our job is to identify and treat underlying causes. Ann Emerg Med.

E-9-1-1 94

E-9-1-1 Emergency Department ED ALS 94

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 15, 2023

[link] Case continued She arrived in the ED and here is the first ED ECG. Angiogram No obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease Cannot exclude non-ACS causes of troponin elevation including coronary vasospasm, stress cardiomyopathy, microvascular disease, etc. I don't know if her pain was getting better or not.

Coronary 102

Coronary E-9-1-1 STEMI ACS 102

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 11, 2023

The neighbor recorded a systolic blood pressure again above 200 mm Hg and advised her to come to the ED to address her symptoms. Smith : As Willy states, ACS with persistent symptoms is a guideline recommended indication for ＜2 hour angio (both ACC/AHA and ESC). Academic Emergency Medicine 27(S1): S220; May 2020. Abstract 556.

E-9-1-1 121

E-9-1-1 ACS Coronary STEMI 121

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 14, 2023

Here is the first ED ECG recorded, now pain free after sublingual Nitro: There is what appears to be a reperfusion T-wave in I and aVL. For examples of this phenomenon — See My Comment in the February 14, 2018 — July 21, 2020 — and December 22, 2022 posts in Dr. Smith's ECG Blog ). So they looked into the patient's chart.

E-9-1-1 107

E-9-1-1 Coronary EMS ED 107

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 15, 2023

Prior episodes had simply resolved after brief symptoms, but the current episode had lasted for 2 hours without improvement, so she presented to the ED. At triage she stated her pain is still persistent, but it is mildly improved compared to when she decided to come to the ED. No diaphoresis or vomiting.

ACS 101

ACS ED STEMI OR 101

EMDocs

JULY 19, 2023

This would be a send-out test and would be unlikely to help us acutely in the ED. 7 We are commonly taught that metals are not amenable to treatment with activated charcoal (AC).However, 2020 Aug 15;417:213343. Epub 2020 May 7. 6 Urine heavy metals screens are not recommended for asymptomatic patients. Coord Chem Rev.

ACS 66

ACS Plasma OR ED 66

EMDocs

JUNE 7, 2023

F, HR 48, RR 28, BP 104/62, SPO2 88% on non-rebreather mask The patient’s friend who brought her to the ED tells you the patient made suicidal statements earlier in the day and was found in her yard shed. These are send-out labs with turn-around times that make them unlikely to affect the ED course or guide treatment. Toxicology.

E-9-1-1 83

E-9-1-1 ICU Emergency Department ED 83

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 3, 2023

A man in his 70s with past medical history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, CAD s/p left circumflex stent 2 years prior presented to the ED with worsening intermittent exertional chest pain relieved by rest. In our opinion it should not be given in ACS unless you are committed to the cath lab.

ACS 83

ACS Coronary ALS CAD 83

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 11, 2024

The machine indicated STEMI (but it barely meets STEMI criteria, if at all) and the patient was brought to the ED: On arrival 20 minutes later the pain had reduced to 1/10 after aspirin, and the patient had repeat ECG at triage: Now the ST segments and T waves have normalized, and the only abnormality is sinus bradycardia and loss of R waves.

STEMI 74

STEMI Paramedic Coronary EMS 74

EMDocs

JUNE 27, 2024

An 8-year old male with a history of sickle cell anemia presents to the ED for evaluation of fever for 2 days and “feeling like I can’t get a full breath”. 768: Epidemiology of Hospital Based ED Visits due to Sickle Cell Crisis and Acute Chest Syndrome in Kids. 2020 Feb 12;10(1):2470. C or 100.4 mg/kg, max 0.4 Am J Emerg Med.

E-9-1-1 75

E-9-1-1 ICU ACS EMS 75

EMS 12-Lead

JUNE 1, 2022

He advises, however, recurrent syncopal episodes for the past six months, some of which have resulted in ED admission, yet no identifying mechanism could be determined. Chou’s Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice (6th ed). Josephson’s Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Techniques and Interpretations (6th ed). 2] Meyers, H.

Coronary 130

Coronary ALS Firefighter ACS 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 13, 2020

Here is the EMS ECG: Obviously massive diffuse subendocardial ischemia, with profound STD and STE in aVR Of course this pattern is most often seen from etoliogies other than ACS. Here is the ED ECG on arrival: Less STE/STD Provider's Clinical Impression: "findings concerning for myocardial infarction, likely proximal LAD or Left main."

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS EMS STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 27, 2023

Cardiology consult note written around that time documents that "Pain improved with NTG, morphine in ED but still present." As a result, even before looking at this patient's initial ECG — he falls into a high -prevalence likelihood group for ACS ( for an A cute C oronary S yndrome ). Repeat cTnI drawn at around 8 AM was 3.910 ng/mL.

E-9-1-1 117

E-9-1-1 OR Coronary ACS 117

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 19, 2023

Written by Jesse McLaren A 75 year-old patient with diabetes and end stage renal disease was sent to the ED after dialysis for three days of nausea, vomiting, loose stool, lightheadedness and fatigue. But because the patient had no chest pain or shortness of breath, it was not deemed to be from ACS. Below is the 15 lead ECG.

STEMI 86

STEMI ACS OR ALS 86

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 6, 2023

The patient vomited once and given the more intense pain decided to come to the ED. Smith comment: We have shown that use of opiates is associated with worse outcomes in ACS: Bracey, A. 2-hour hsTn: 615 ng/L; bedside ED echo (without contrast) did not show a clear wall motion abnormality (WMA). Abstract 556.

ACS 52

ACS Coronary ICU STEMI 52

EMDocs

JUNE 14, 2023

These are send-out labs with turn-around times that make them unlikely to affect the ED course. This prevents ongoing exposure to the patient and ED staff. In: Mattu A and Swadron S, ed. link] Updated September 14, 2020. Accessed December 14, 2020. 3 However, may be helpful in diagnosing the chronic toxicity forms.

E-9-1-1 70

E-9-1-1 Emergency Department Plasma ACS 70

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 8, 2022

The ECG is diagnostic for acute transmural infarction of the anterior and lateral walls, with LAD OMI being the most likely cause (which has various potential etiologies for the actual cause of the acute coronary artery occlusion, the most common of which is of course type 1 ACS, plaque rupture with thrombotic occlusion).

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary ACS ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 27, 2023

On arrival to the ED, the patient was diaphoretic, tachycardic. I did not think it was due to ACS, but we ordered an ED ECG immediately: What do you think? He had a prehospital ECG that was worrisome to the medics, so they called me to see him at the door. and had dilated pupils. He was alert and oriented. both here and here ).

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS Naloxone Plasma 52

EMS 12-Lead

APRIL 21, 2022

The ECG’s were sent to the PCI center, and the providers in the respective ED identified the T wave characteristics mentioned above. Such aggressive investigation was particularly warranted in this case because of symptoms compatible with ACS, as well as an equally frightening revelation of family history. 2] Aslanger, E.,

Coronary 130

Coronary ALS OR ACS 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 9, 2024

Ischemia from ACS causing the chest discomfort, with VT another consequence (or coincidence)? Cardioversion will address the rhythm problem immediately, also if the chest discomfort subsides when SR is restored, ischemia from ACS becomes much less likely. This patient presented to the ED “after a couple of days of chest discomfort”.

Coronary 99

Coronary ACS ED OR 99

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 2, 2021

Submitted by Benjamin Garbus, MD with edits by Bracey, Meyers, and Smith A man in his early 30s presented to the ED with chest pain described as an “explosion" of left chest pressure. At the time of arrival to the ED, the patient reported 1/10 chest pain with normal vital signs. There is no age cut-off for ACS. 1] Wereski, R.,

OR 52

OR ACS STEMI Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 19, 2023

Because there was proven thrombus (ACS) but the troponin never went above the 99% reference range (and therefore cannot be called MI -- definition of MI requires rise and/or fall of troponin with at least one value above the 99% reference range), this is UNSTABLE ANGINA with ST Elevation. This is not the case.

E-9-1-1 119

E-9-1-1 Coronary ACS BLS 119

ACEP Now

NOVEMBER 14, 2023

One of the most hair-raising presentations to the emergency department (ED) can be massive hemoptysis with respiratory failure. References Deshwal H, Sinha A, Mehta AC. 6 Position the patient with the head of the bed at 30 to 45 degrees during intubation whenever possible, and use an 8.5 A special thanks to Drs. 2021;42(1):145-159.

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 ALS Emergency Department OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 12, 2020

This is a 30-something healthy patient presented with COVID pneumonia who presented to the ED. Clin Chem [Internet] 2020;Available from: [link] Smith mini-review: Troponin in Emergency Department COVID patients Cardiac Troponin (cTn) is a nonspecific marker of myocardial injury. JAMA Cardiol [Internet] 2020;Available from: [link] 4.

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 STEMI Coronary ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 30, 2022

The fire department, who operate at an EMT level in this municipality, arrived before us and administered 324 mg of baby aspirin to the patient due to concern for ACS. Most studies examine undifferentiated ACS cohorts, with only a handful providing separate data. References: 1. Lindahl B, Baron T, Erlinge D, et al.

Emergency Department 52

Emergency Department E-9-1-1 Coronary STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 21, 2020

He was found in ventricular fibrillation and defibrillated, then brought to a local ED which does not have a cath lab. Here is the initial ED ECG: This is pretty obviously and inferior posterior OMI, right? He was treated medically for ACS and did not get an angiogram within 72 hours. And we wouldn't do it tomorrow either."

STEMI 52

STEMI Defibrillator ED ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 11, 2020

Here is his first ED ECG: What do you see? And a complication. == MY Comment by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 10/11/2020 ): == It cannot be stated any clearer than what Dr. Meyers states above. PEARL #3: I’ve described the Mirror Test on a number of occasions in Dr. Smith’s ECG Blog ( Please see My Comment in the September 21, 2020 post).

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS OR Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 6, 2020

Abdominal pain can of course be a symptom of ACS, but it was brief and seemed to have resulted in a vasovagal event. We recorded an ED ECG: The STD, STE, and T-wave inversion are all there, but in this one the voltage is indeed high and diagnostic of LVH. It is certainly possible, but the pretest probability is very low.

ACS 52

ACS ED Coronary STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 17, 2023

A 60 year old with chest pain presented to the ED. Repositioning the LL electrode must have resolved this problem. == REFERENCE: For those interested in More on Recognition of ECG Artifact: The October 17, 2020 post — for a 70-year old woman with " Artifactual VT ". Here is his first ECG: What do you think?

ALS 52

ALS ACS OR ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 28, 2023

This ECG is pathognomonic, regardless of any information, prior ECG, etc available: it means the LAD territory is undergoing immediate and hyperacute full thickness infarction, with the most likely etiology being type 1 ACS. Ignoring this truism was the 1st oversight in today's case.

STEMI 52

STEMI ED ACS Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 3, 2022

A prospective validation of STEMI criteria based on the first ED ECG found it was only 21% sensitive for Occlusion MI, and disproportionately missed inferoposterior OMI.[1] JAMA Cardiol 2020 5. -- Litell JM, Meyers HP, Smith SW. From STEMI to Occlusion MI: paradigm shift and ED quality improvement.

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary ALS ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 14, 2023

Written by Pendell Meyers, with some edits by Smith A man in his 40s with many comorbidities presented to the ED with chest pain, hypotension, dyspnea, and hypoxemia. The bedside echo showed a large RV (Does this mean there is a pulmonary embolism as the etiology?) Here is his triage ECG: What do you think? Lots of info here.

OR 52

OR ACS ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 1, 2022

After discussing all of the above with ED staff, we have made a decision to get stat echocardiogram and assess overall LV function and wall motion abnormalities and defer cath lab activation at the time." which would suggest reduced rates of major adverse cardiac events with coronary artery bypass grafting."

Overdose 52

Overdose OR Coronary ACS 52