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IV versus IO: Does your Site of Access Matter in Cardiac Arrest?

NAEMSP

Background Despite conflicting literature to support some pharmacological therapies in out of hospital cardiac arrest, the American Heart Association (AHA) currently recommends obtaining vascular access intravenously or intraosseously in cardiac arrest. [1] 2021 Oct;167:261-266. Epub 2021 Jul 5. 2021 Feb;159:129-136.

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Calcium in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

NAEMSP

After several cycles of defibrillation, epinephrine, and amiodarone, the patient remains in cardiac arrest. Additionally, low ionized calcium levels have been correlated with increasing mortality in sepsis and other critical illnesses in adults and children (Bora, Ramazan, Oznur, Emre, & Basar, 2021), (Sanchez, et al., Ramazan, K.,

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