Remove 2021 Remove OR Remove Plasma
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Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)

Core EM

Deficient ADAMTS-13 activity alone typically does not result in TTP; therefore, it is essential to consider contributing precipitants, including pregnancy, HIV, acute infection, inflammation (SLE, malignancy, pancreatitis) and medication use (ex., Clinical Presentation: Classic pentad (mnemonic FAT RN) is rare and seen in less than 7% of cases.

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Congenital Syphilis

Pediatric EM Morsels

2019, there were 1,875 and this trend has continued to increase (2,157 case in 2020; 2,855 cases in 2021). Early Congenital Syphilis Present before 2 years of age [ Hussain, 2023 ; Foles, 2024; Fang, 2022; Morrisroe, 2021 ] Only ~33% of newborns present with symptoms at birth and can be subtle. Is this scalp swelling normal?

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Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis in Children and Adolescents

Pediatric EM Morsels

First line therapies for anti-NMBDA receptor encephalitis consists of… High dose steroids , IVIG, and PLEX – Therapeutic plasma exchange Only 50% of patient’s respond, and will require second line therapies such as Rituximab. 2021 Oct 9;22(20):10911. Moral of the Morsel It’s NOT always psych! Wu CY, Wu JD, Chen CC.

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Snake Bites and Children

Pediatric EM Morsels

In the US, the venomous snakes include rattlesnakes , copperheads, cottonmouths/water moccasins , and coral snakes [ CDC, 2021 ] Rattlesnakes live all across the United State s Copperheads inhabit the eastern U.S. Usually, animals bite from fear or defense of their offspring ( ex, Brown Recluse ).

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Whole Blood: Ready for Prime Time

The Overrun

Through the years, we see a change to plasma, then crystalloid, and then 1:1:1 therapy. Once compared, while 1:1:1 therapy or giving PRBCs or plasma alone is better than crystalloid, whole blood is preferable and may have more of a survival benefit for patients. In the First World War, the preferred resuscitation fluid was whole blood.

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Best Practices for Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

ACEP Now

Fresh frozen plasma, or FFP, should only be given to cirrhotic patients as part of the massive transfusion protocol in cases of profound hypotension, as “patients with cirrhosis rarely have true enzymatic hypocoagulability, and FFP may worsen bleeding due to over-resuscitation and dilution of coagulation factors.” 6 Balloon tamponade (i.e.,

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Pseudoparalysis of Parrot

Pediatric EM Morsels

In 2021 there were almost 177,000 cases of syphilis. CDC 2023] In 2021, there were over 2800 cases of congenital syphilis, tripled from 2017. [Kocher 1996, Pereira 2017] Syphilis is on the rise in the US. However , the musculoskeletal complaints may be the first presenting symptom ! Ask about exposures !

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