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Updates on Onchocerciasis: Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment

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6 By 2030, it is estimated that Nigeria followed by the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan will have the greatest disease burden. 1 Life Cycle and Pathophysiology Life Cycle Humans are the only hosts for O. 1 The parasite has a 5-stage life cycle in which the blackfly acts as an obligate intermediate host.

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