EMS 12-Lead

APRIL 14, 2022

It should be emphasized here that this is a presentation of high-pretest probability for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). ACS and hyperkalemia both have lethal downstream consequences, so it is imperative for the clinician to acclimate to the presentation, or developing, features of each. ECG's are difficult. link] [1] Zachary et al.

ACS 130

ACS Paramedic Coronary ALS 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 5, 2023

An ECG was perfomed on arrival to our ED: NSR with ST elevation II,III, aVF with reciprocal depression in aVL Would you refer this pediatric patient for emergent PCI? Pediatric cardiology performed a bedside echo in ED with EF estimation of 60%, no pericardial effusion, and no regional wall motion abnormalities. Epub 2021 May 20.

Coronary 112

Coronary CAD ACS ALS 112

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 20, 2024

This was sent by an undergraduate (not yet in medical school, but applying now) who works as an ED technician (records all EKGs, helps with procedures, takes vital signs) and who reads this blog regularly. Smith comment : Is the ACS (rupture plaque) with occlusion that is now reperfusing?

CAD 124

CAD STEMI Coronary ACS 124

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 20, 2024

The ST segment changes are compatible with severe subendocardial ischemia which can be caused by type I MI from ACS or potentially from type II MI (non-obstructive coronary artery disease with supply/demand mismatch). Those who make it to the ED usually have transient occlusions with reperfusion.

Coronary 127

Coronary ACS Emergency Department Defibrillator 127

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 11, 2023

The neighbor recorded a systolic blood pressure again above 200 mm Hg and advised her to come to the ED to address her symptoms. Smith : As Willy states, ACS with persistent symptoms is a guideline recommended indication for ＜2 hour angio (both ACC/AHA and ESC). She contacted her neighbor, a nurse, for help. The case continues.

E-9-1-1 123

E-9-1-1 Coronary ACS STEMI 123

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 27, 2023

Cardiology consult note written around that time documents that "Pain improved with NTG, morphine in ED but still present." It relies on an 1 mm cut point, which this blog does not favor as an approach to ECG. We therefore need to assume and rule "out" ACS — more than having to rule it "in". Back to the case.

E-9-1-1 117

E-9-1-1 OR Coronary ACS 117

EMS 12-Lead

APRIL 21, 2022

The ECG’s were sent to the PCI center, and the providers in the respective ED identified the T wave characteristics mentioned above. From Smith ECG Blog LCx occlusion There is aVR STE with broad STD, appreciable in both Leads II and V5. Chou’s Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice (6th ed). link] [1] Mirand, D.

Coronary 130

Coronary ALS OR ACS 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 31, 2024

The person I was texting knows implicitly based on our experience together that I mean "Definite posterior OMI, assuming the patient's clinical presentation is consistent with ACS." The interventional cardiologist then canceled the activation and returned the patient to the ED without doing an angiogram ("Not a STEMI").

STEMI 92

STEMI ACS ED 92

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 14, 2023

Here is the first ED ECG recorded, now pain free after sublingual Nitro: There is what appears to be a reperfusion T-wave in I and aVL. As is often emphasized on Dr. Smith's ECG Blog — the evolution of an acute OMI is not necessarily static — but may be "dynamic". So they looked into the patient's chart.

E-9-1-1 107

E-9-1-1 Coronary EMS ED 107

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 15, 2023

[link] Case continued She arrived in the ED and here is the first ED ECG. Angiogram No obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease Cannot exclude non-ACS causes of troponin elevation including coronary vasospasm, stress cardiomyopathy, microvascular disease, etc. I don't know if her pain was getting better or not.

Coronary 100

Coronary E-9-1-1 STEMI ACS 100

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 9, 2024

Ischemia from ACS causing the chest discomfort, with VT another consequence (or coincidence)? Cardioversion will address the rhythm problem immediately, also if the chest discomfort subsides when SR is restored, ischemia from ACS becomes much less likely. This patient presented to the ED “after a couple of days of chest discomfort”.

Coronary 99

Coronary ACS ED OR 99

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 13, 2023

This is acute ACS, but it almost always seen in a pain free state. An ED ECG, if recorded with pain, should show LAD OMI. That said — severe chest pain was present at the time the patient arrived in the ED ( corresponding to the time ECG #2 was recorded ).

ED 52

ED ACS Coronary Paramedic 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 27, 2024

There were zero patients in this study with a "normal" ECG who had any kind of ACS! Figure-1: I've labeled the initial ECG in the ED. KEY Point: All patients who present to the ED for new CP should promptly have a triage ECG recorded, that is then immediately interpreted by the ED physician.

STEMI 102

STEMI Coronary ACS ED 102

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 2, 2024

He was unidentified and there were no records available After 7 shocks, he was successfully defibrillated and brought to the ED. Bedside ED ultrasound showed exceedingly poor global LV function, and no B lines. Here is the initial ED ECG. What do you think? Rhythm : Residents asked me why it is not VT. The QRS is extremely wide.

Defibrillator 129

Defibrillator Coronary Epinephrine CPR 129

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 31, 2020

A middle-aged man complained of 15 minutes of classic angina that resolved upon arrival to the ED. But it does prove that the patient has coronary disease and makes the probability that his chest pain is due to ACS very very high. Figure-1: The initial ECG that was done in the ED ( See text ).

ED 52

ED Coronary ACS CAD 52

REBEL EM

OCTOBER 23, 2023

His parent noticed a dental problem and immediately brought the patient to the ED. Rezaie, MD (Twitter: @srrezaie ) The post Rosh Review EM Scholar Monthly Question appeared first on REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog. The patient was walking his dog when it ran after a squirrel. The physical exam is shown below. Dent Traumatol.

EMS 58

EMS ACS ALS ED 58

REBEL EM

DECEMBER 23, 2024

Paper: Alwang AK, Law AC, Klings ES, Cohen RT, Bosch NA. Applicability to Emergency Medicine: For emergency medicine providers, the greatest challenge with this study is that it did not include or account for ED care. Characteristics of sickle cell patients with frequent ED visits and hospitalizations. JAMA Intern Med.

ALS 82

ALS ED ACS EMR 82

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 19, 2023

Because there was proven thrombus (ACS) but the troponin never went above the 99% reference range (and therefore cannot be called MI -- definition of MI requires rise and/or fall of troponin with at least one value above the 99% reference range), this is UNSTABLE ANGINA with ST Elevation. A picture is worth 1,000 words.

E-9-1-1 119

E-9-1-1 Coronary ACS BLS 119

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 19, 2023

Written by Jesse McLaren A 75 year-old patient with diabetes and end stage renal disease was sent to the ED after dialysis for three days of nausea, vomiting, loose stool, lightheadedness and fatigue. But because the patient had no chest pain or shortness of breath, it was not deemed to be from ACS. Below is the 15 lead ECG.

STEMI 82

STEMI ACS OR ALS 82

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2023

References: 1) See this study showing an association between morphine and mortality in Non-STE-ACS: Meine TJ, Roe M, Chen A, Patel M, Washam J, Ohman E, Peacock W, Pollack C, Gibler W, Peterson E. Link to abstract Link to full text 2) Use of Morphine in Non-STE-ACS is independently associated with mortality, at odds ratio of 1.4

E-9-1-1 82

E-9-1-1 ACS STEMI Coronary 82

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 15, 2023

Prior episodes had simply resolved after brief symptoms, but the current episode had lasted for 2 hours without improvement, so she presented to the ED. At triage she stated her pain is still persistent, but it is mildly improved compared to when she decided to come to the ED. No diaphoresis or vomiting.

ACS 101

ACS ED STEMI OR 101

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 8, 2019

Jerry Jones commented: "Any ST depression on the ECG of a patient with chest pain credible for ACS represents a reciprocal change until proved otherwise." For clarity — I show in Figure-1 the i nitial E CG obtained in the ED ( = E CG # 1 ) — together with the p rehospital E CG that I have pieced together ( = E CG # 2 ).

ED 52

ED STEMI ACS OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 3, 2023

A man in his 70s with past medical history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, CAD s/p left circumflex stent 2 years prior presented to the ED with worsening intermittent exertional chest pain relieved by rest. In our opinion it should not be given in ACS unless you are committed to the cath lab.

ACS 87

ACS Coronary ALS CAD 87

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 11, 2024

Because: 1) He has been reading this blog for a long time. He sent the patient to the ED for further evaluation. A chest x-ray in the ED found bilateral pleural effusions. The patient was admitted from the ED and finally had an angiogram the next morning: Angiogram : Image 1: This is the LAO caudal, or spider projection.

Coronary 93

Coronary ED ACS OR 93

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 25, 2023

Moreover, the Queen is only supposed to be used with a high pretest probability of ACS/OMI. The patient is a man in his 60s with established severe alcohol use disorder — and epidural abscess being treated with longterm Ciprofloxacin — who presented to the ED following a syncopal episode. Magnesium later resulted at 0.8 As per Drs.

Overdose 112

Overdose ACS OR ICU 112

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 25, 2024

Submitted by Dr. George Mastoras (Twitter @georgemastoras), written by Jesse McLaren It’s a busy day in the ED when you’re sent another ECG to sign off from a patient at triage. Whereas SCAD is found in ~1-4% of all angiograms performed for ACS — this percentage increases to over 30% in middle-aged women.

OR 70

OR STEMI ACS Coronary 70

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 12, 2024

EKG on arrival to the ED is shown below: What do you think? Click here to sign up for Queen of Hearts Access Given the lack of intracranial hemorrhage, the patient was administered aspirin for suspected ACS and cardiology was consulted. or basilar ischemia. However, T waves do not appear to be hyperacute or hyperkalemic.

STEMI 98

STEMI Coronary Emergency Department ACS 98

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 13, 2020

Here is the EMS ECG: Obviously massive diffuse subendocardial ischemia, with profound STD and STE in aVR Of course this pattern is most often seen from etoliogies other than ACS. Here is the ED ECG on arrival: Less STE/STD Provider's Clinical Impression: "findings concerning for myocardial infarction, likely proximal LAD or Left main."

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS EMS STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 12, 2024

Because the most severe LAD OMIs can cause ischemic failure of the RBB and LAF, any patient with ACS symptoms and new RBBB and LAFB with any concordant STE has LAD OMI until proven otherwise. In EMS2 ECG, the T waves in V5 is possibly hyperacute. So the cath lab was activated.

STEMI 117

STEMI EMS ACS ED 117

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 4, 2022

Smith: If this is ACS (a big if), t his is just the time when one should NOT use "upstream" dual anti-platelet therapy ("upstream" means in the ED before angiography). History sounds concerning for ACS (could be critical stenosis, triple vessel), but differential also includes dissection, GI bleed, etc. Anything more on history?

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS STEMI ALS 52

EMS 12-Lead

APRIL 2, 2022

Anecdotally, had there been symptoms unequivocally consistent with ACS then one could justifiably make the case for a potential D1 occlusion. Figure 2-1 The V1 / V2 leads were appropriately placed in this circumstance, and dedicated followers of the Smith ECG Blog will instantly recognize the problem at hand. 2] Surawicz, B.

ALS 130

ALS STEMI Coronary OR 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 3, 2023

This is diagnostic of ACS; it appears to be a reperfused acute inferior OMI. I was shown today’s initial ECG ( that I’ve reproduced in Figure-1 ) — knowing only that this tracing was from a patient in the ED ( therefore — a patient presumably with some kind of chest discomfort, albeit of unstated duration and severity ).

Defibrillator 131

Defibrillator Coronary STEMI CPR 131

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 19, 2024

The Queen of Hearts agrees: Here the Queen explains why: However, it was not interpreted correctly by the providers: ED interpretation of ECG: "paced rhythm, LBBB but no STEMI pattern." The cath report showed: Significant stenosis with subtotal occlusion (99%) in the prox to mid Lcx, culprit of ACS, TIMI flow 1.

CAD 90

CAD STEMI ACS ALS 90

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 14, 2016

I delved into his reasons for arriving so late after onset, thinking that perhaps the pain had only recently increased, or that it had been intermittent until now, but he confirmed that it was 14 hours of constant pain and it was his significant other who insisted that he go to the ED. Patients with ACS and hemodynamic instability 2.

ACS 52

ACS STEMI Coronary OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 7, 2024

ECG 1 at time zero EARLY REPOLARIZATION ABNORMAL ECG ED final official overread: "early repol vs hyperacute T, minimal changes from previous (previous shown below)" What do YOU think? No wall motion abnormality This shows that significant ACS can have ZERO WMA!! A 70-something y.o. male presents to triage with shortness of breath.

STEMI 114

STEMI ACS Critical Care Coronary 114

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 20, 2023

So, I'm a follower of your blog, and I think I have a interesting case that I attended yesterday." Case "Male, 43yo, come to ED with Epigastric Pain started 3 hours ago. Remember: these findings above are included as STEMI equivalent findings in the 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on ACS Patients in the ED.

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS CAD ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 10, 2022

He reportedly told his family "I think I'm having a heart attack", then they immediately drove him to the ED, and he was able to ambulate into the triage area before he collapsed and became unresponsive. CPR was initiated immediately. It was reportedly a PEA arrest; there was no recorded V Fib and no defibrillation.

ACS 52

ACS CPR CAD Heart Attack 52