Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 4, 2022

Smith: If this is ACS (a big if), t his is just the time when one should NOT use "upstream" dual anti-platelet therapy ("upstream" means in the ED before angiography). History sounds concerning for ACS (could be critical stenosis, triple vessel), but differential also includes dissection, GI bleed, etc. Anything more on history?

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS STEMI ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 3, 2023

More past history: hypertension, tobacco use, coronary artery disease with two vessel PCI to the right coronary artery and circumflex artery several years prior. This is diagnostic of ACS; it appears to be a reperfused acute inferior OMI. It is unknown when this pain recurred and became constant.

Defibrillator 131

Defibrillator Coronary STEMI CPR 131

Don't Forget the Bubbles

OCTOBER 7, 2024

However, vertical flow can result in myocardial injury secondary to coronary artery spasm. This is supplied via alternating current (AC), increasing the risk of titanic contraction of skeletal muscle, leading to kids holding on to the electrical power source. AC and DC shocks may result in different injury patterns.

ACS 80

ACS Life Support OR CPR 80

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2023

I texted this ECG with no information to Dr. Smith, who immediately said: "If CP, then anterior OMI until proven otherwise." References: 1) See this study showing an association between morphine and mortality in Non-STE-ACS: Meine TJ, Roe M, Chen A, Patel M, Washam J, Ohman E, Peacock W, Pollack C, Gibler W, Peterson E. Am Heart J.

E-9-1-1 78

E-9-1-1 ACS STEMI Coronary 78

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 15, 2023

Written by Pendell Meyers Both of these cases were sent to me with no information other than adults with acute chest pain. What would be your response? Case 1: Case 2: What if I told you that Case 1 has an abnormal initial troponin, and Case 2 has a normal initial troponin? Case 1 An elderly male presented with chest pain.

STEMI 93

STEMI Coronary ACS OR 93

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 30, 2022

The fire department, who operate at an EMT level in this municipality, arrived before us and administered 324 mg of baby aspirin to the patient due to concern for ACS. Such cases are classified as MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructed Coronary Arteries). An angiogram is a "lumenogram;" most plaque is EXTRALUMINAL!!

Emergency Department 52

Emergency Department E-9-1-1 Coronary STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 9, 2024

Learning points: Both patients and other medical providers can report confusing and often contradictory information that obfuscates the diagnosis (in this case, WPW). Serial ECGs enhance the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. If the story and ECG findings are concerning, use your clinical judgment to advocate for PCI. Washam, J.

STEMI 85

STEMI Coronary Heart Attack ACS 85

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 27, 2024

There were zero patients in this study with a "normal" ECG who had any kind of ACS! Old ‘NSTEMI’ A history of coronary artery disease and a stent to the same territory further increases pre-test likelihood of acute coronary occlusion, including in-stent thrombosis. So this study is actually worthless.

STEMI 102

STEMI Coronary ACS ED 102

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 4, 2010

ACS would be highly unusual in a young athlete, and given the information on his race bib, one must first suspect that the abnormal ST elevation is due to demand ischemia, not ACS. The next day, and angiogram showed normal coronary arteries. Now there is much less ST segment deviation, less elevation and less depression.

ACS 52

ACS Defibrillator Epinephrine STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 13, 2024

Distilling this case into its most salient components, a man with multiple risk factors for coronary disease is presenting with several days of chest pain and markedly elevated troponin with no other reason to explain the lab abnormality ( e.g. sepsis). The patient has ACS by history, active pain, and an elevated troponin.

Coronary 86

Coronary ACS Emergency Management Emergency Manager 86

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 23, 2022

Here is his triage ECG: PM Cardio version: With no other information at all, I sent this ECG to Dr. Smith, who replied: "I think it is real. ST depression maximal in V1-V4, in the context of ACS symptoms and unexplained by QRS abnormality or tachydysrhythmia, should be considered posterior OMI until proven otherwise. STD in V4-5 too."

Coronary 52

Coronary Heart Attack ED CPR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 8, 2022

The ECG is diagnostic for acute transmural infarction of the anterior and lateral walls, with LAD OMI being the most likely cause (which has various potential etiologies for the actual cause of the acute coronary artery occlusion, the most common of which is of course type 1 ACS, plaque rupture with thrombotic occlusion).

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary ACS ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 31, 2018

I saw this before any other information and knew immediately that it represented an LAD occlusion. Now you have ECG and troponin evidence of ischemia, AND ventricular dysrhythmia, which means this is NOT a stable ACS. What is Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD)? Here was her ECG at time zero: What do you think?

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS STEMI OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 10, 2022

If this is ACS with Aslanger's pattern , the ST depression vector of subendocardial ischemia (due to simultaneous 3 vessel or left main ACS) is directed toward lead II (inferior and lateral). Thus, this apparently is Aslanger's Pattern (inferior OMI with single lead STE in lead III, with simultaneous subendocardial ischemia).

ACS 52

ACS CPR CAD Heart Attack 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 28, 2020

An ECG was texted to me (Smith) without any clinical information: What did I say? This clinical information followed: "The patient had a COPD exacerbation with a prehospital SpO2 of 60%. This clinical information followed: "The patient had a COPD exacerbation with a prehospital SpO2 of 60%. This is NOT Wellens. Kosuge et al.

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 ACS ALS OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 2, 2021

After rethinking the case, he remained concerned about ACS and subsequently performed a point-of-care ultrasound in order to evaluate for regional wall motion abnormality. We do not know whether a better assay would have given better information, but it is very likely. There is no age cut-off for ACS. Do NOT use them.

OR 52

OR ACS STEMI Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 14, 2023

We who know ischemic ECGs know that really when T-wave inversion is specific for coronary thrombosis that it indicates reperfusion of the artery, not active occlusion. that is, show a pattern of labile ST-T wave changes not due to an acute coronary event. I personally can hardly wait for that future version! Some patients do this.

E-9-1-1 107

E-9-1-1 Coronary EMS ED 107

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 4, 2023

Fortunately, Dr. Cho was not looking for STEMI ECG criteria but for an acute coronary occlusion. As he documented, “This patient is experiencing chest pain consistent with an acute coronary syndrome. Start using the terms acute coronary occlusion and occlusion MI. That’s exactly what happened in this case.

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary OR ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 6, 2023

Corroborating this is the subtle ST depression in V2-V3 which is inappropriate for the normal QRS complex, and in the context of ACS, we have shown this is quite specific for posterior OMI. I sent the ECG with no information to Dr. McLaren, who instantly replied: "RCA?" (he he means, "inferoposterior OMI, so probably RCA occlusion?").

ACS 52

ACS EMS STEMI Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 12, 2022

Written by Pendell Meyers I was reading ECGs in a database (without any clinical information) when I came to this one: What do you think? You must understand this and the dynamic nature of ACS to provide excellent care for such patients. Seeing only this ECG with no context, I thought this ECG was within normal limits.

OR 52

OR ACS STEMI Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 23, 2023

Recall that, in the setting of ACS symptoms, ST depression that are maximal in leads V1-V4 (as opposed to V5 and V6) not attributable to an abnormal QRS complex is specific for OMI. Optimal treatment for today's patient would have been prompt cath with PCI to the "culprit" artery with the goal of maintaining coronary perfusion.

ACS 52

ACS Coronary Defibrillator STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 13, 2022

I sent this to Dr. Meyers without any other information, and he responded, “do you have a prior to make sure that it is all just because of the delta wave? The emergency physician wasn’t sure what to make of the changes from one ECG to the next but was concerned about ACS. What do you think? What do you think?

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary OR ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 17, 2023

He had no symptoms of ACS. greater than 40mS, V1-V2" Meyers interpretation: I was sent this ECG with no clinical information whatsoever, and I responded: "Easily diagnostic of acute LAD occlusion." His HEAR score (before troponin resulted) was documented at 3, with documentation stating "low suspicion for ACS."

OR 52

OR STEMI ACS Emergency Department 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 1, 2023

Just so you know this ECG interpretation is not done by the retrospectoscope: I sent it to Dr. Smith without any information, and he immediately responded: "Infero-postero-lateral OMI" The ECG had a computer and final cardiology interpretation of “possible inferior infarct, age undetermined”, because of Q waves.

OR 52

OR STEMI Coronary ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 6, 2022

I sent this "normal" ECG without any information to a number of ECG enthusiasts, who were all concerned about possible OMI - whether subtle high lateral OMI with inferior reciprocal change, or subtle inferior OMI with high lateral reciprocal change. Take home 1. C ircumflex occlusions can have subtle to no ECG changes 3.

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS Coronary OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 26, 2017

I did not have more information at the time. I remained unconvinced that this was due to ACS. With the added history, and the entirety of the presentation, it was determined by cardiology that the clinical presentation was not due to ACS. Is there a formula to help with this? See discussion at the bottom.

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS ED Coronary 52

EMDocs

JANUARY 11, 2024

Evaluate and treat seizures or SE after CA in the context of other available clinical information because other systemic factors may influence the occurrence of seizures or SE and the effectiveness of treatment (90%, 18/20). The treatment goal for post-CA SE is seizure suppression or burst suppression for a minimum of 24 hours (95%, 19/20).

Critical Care 75

Critical Care E-9-1-1 OR ICU 75

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 15, 2023

I've excluded the precordial leads as they didn't add much information in this case. Learning Points : Serial ECG are very valuable when it comes to identifying a dynamic process such as ACS. Eventually with more training the QoH will outperform any human in the detection of acute coronary occlusion.

ACS 60

ACS STEMI Coronary EMS 60

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 13, 2019

Written by Pendell Meyers A man in his late 40s with several ACS risk factors presented with a chief complaint of chest pain. I texted this to Dr. Smith without any information, and this was his reply: "This could be pericarditis but probably is normal variant." Our THANKS to Dr. Meyers for presenting this informative case!

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 ACS Coronary CAD 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 12, 2020

And so it is wise to look at the coronary arteries. This ECG certainly looks like myocarditis, and was due to myocarditis, but missing acute coronary occlusion is not acceptable. In a series of 18 patients with COVID and ST elevation, 8 were diagnosed with STEMI, 6 of whom had an angiogram and it showed obstructive coronary disease.

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 STEMI Coronary ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

The axiom of "type 1 (ACS, plaque rupture) STEMIs are not tachycardic unless they are in cardiogenic shock" is not applicable outside of sinus rhythm. This case represents the same physiologic event as OMI in terms of the result on the myocardium, therefore with identical ECG features, however there may not be ACS!

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS CAD OR 52

EMDocs

OCTOBER 21, 2023

A 68-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease with a drug eluting stent placed 2 months ago presents with dizziness and vomiting that began 3 hours ago. The NIHSS cutoff that predicts outcomes is 4 points higher in AC compared with PC infarctions.

EMS 73

EMS ALS OR ACS 73

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 20, 2018

If she had no risk factors, it is doubtful that she would have developed such extensive coronary artery disease as we see on the angiogram. However, this additional information was supportive. Patients like her are the reason we are advocating for a change in the ACS paradigm from STEMI to OMI.

Coronary 52

Coronary STEMI EMS ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 24, 2018

This ECG was texted to me with no information: I answered: "Show me the whole 12-lead." There was no ACS here. Discussion On this blog, I show a lot of ECGs that were sent to me and show subtle findings of OMI (acute coronary occlusion). And it turns out that this was the baseline ECG.

ACS 52

ACS OR Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 11, 2019

Meyers : This ECG was texted to me with no clinical information, and my response was: "That looks like a very subtle LAD OMI. This is a h igher - p revalence H istory for acute coronary disease. Very very subtle one. What happened?" Descriptive Analysis of E CG # 1 : The rhythm is sinus at ~85/minute.

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS CAD ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 26, 2019

This ECG was texted to me with no clinical information, with the sender being concerned for possible hyperacute T-waves and STE in the inferior leads. I wouldn't activate the lab for this EKG alone, but if the patient is clinically compatible with ACS you could call a heart alert. Let me know what happens."

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary OR ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 13, 2020

This suggests that it is not an acute coronary syndrome." "His When there is tachycardia, you should doubt the diagnosis of ACS unless it is: a) massive MI with cardiogenic shock and thus poor LV function and poor stroke volume, b) in a patient with previous poor LV function c) combined with other acute pathology causing tachycardia 3.

Critical Care 52

Critical Care OR ACS STEMI 52