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A 45-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, amphetamine and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use, and coronary vasospasm presented to triage with chest pain. During assessment, the patient reported that a left heart catheterization six months prior indicated spasms but no coronary artery disease.
Date: September 8th, 2021 Reference: Desch et al. Date: September 8th, 2021 Reference: Desch et al. The paramedics achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CPR, advanced cardiac lifesupport (ALCS), and Intubation. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is responsible for the majority (60%) of all OHCAs in patients.
Revascularization of the culprit lesion remains one of the few established treatments though there are numerous other unproven modalities including extracorporeal lifesupport (ECLS). Zeymer HT et al. Extracorporeal LifeSupport in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock. References: Zeymer HT et al. D ECLS: 18.2%
More recent literature and guidelines support the use of lidocaine as an alternative agent, and currently both are included in standard advanced cardiovascular lifesupport. References Tsao CW, et al. Benjamin EJ, et al. Kimblad H, et al. Sakai T, et al. Kudenchuk PJ, et al. Lee YH, et al.
Treatment of cardiac arrest and life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning often requires specialized treatments that most clinicians do not use frequently such as antidotes and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, in addition to effective basic and advanced lifesupport. COR 2a, LOE C-LD. COR 2a, LOE C-LD.
And so it is wise to look at the coronary arteries. He was started on Extracorporeal LifeSupport ("VA ECMO") Here is the ECG on ECMO: Very low voltage On Day 3, the EF recovered (that seems quick!) This ECG certainly looks like myocarditis, and was due to myocarditis, but missing acute coronary occlusion is not acceptable.
Statements: Early risk stratification is not intended as a tool for triage to withdraw lifesupport and is not used for that purpose (90.5%, 19/21). If mechanical circulatory support is not available, transfer to a center with these capabilities may be possible (95.7%, 22/23).
1 The primary goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to optimize coronary perfusion pressure and maintain systemic perfusion in order to prevent neurologic and other end-organ damage while working to achieve ROSC. Nielsen N, Wetterslev J, Cronberg T et al. By the time of the study by Nielsen et al. Kirkegaard et al.
Thus, unstable patients should be stabilized based on a physician’s trauma expertise; whether through Advanced Trauma LifeSupport, Trauma Combat Casualty Care, or one’s own trauma assessment. Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, et al. Acute myocardial infarction with normal and near normal coronary arteries. 2023 Jul 17.
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