Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 17, 2024

Pain improved to 1/10 after EMS administers 324 mg aspirin and the following EKG is obtained at triage. C Examination notable for diaphoresis, 1+ bilateral lower extremity edema, regular heart rate and rhythm, and no signs of respiratory distress with normal breath sounds. The patient was upgraded to the ICU for closer monitoring.

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REBEL EM

OCTOBER 5, 2023

1-6 We now have the Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Evaluation of Corticosteroids (CAPE COD) Trial. Paper: Dequin P, Meziani F, Quenot J, et al. Patients admitted to the ICU with severe community-acquired pneumonia were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive hydrocortisone or a placebo. N Engl J Med. PMID: 36942789.

Critical Care 94

Critical Care ICU E-9-1-1 ALS 94

EMS 12-Lead

AUGUST 22, 2022

A 65 y/o Female was admitted to the ICU for septic shock. Question 1: What is the rhythm? Beat 1 : Sinus, narrow QRS complex. The assumption is that a premature complex discharged prior to Beat 1, which prolonged its respective refractory period in the same manner as Beat 5.

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Broome Docs

MARCH 28, 2024

Great evidence for button battery ingestions (if you are treating a dead pig) Chiew AL, Lin CS, Nguyen DT, Sinclair FAW, Chan BS, Solinas A. PMID: 34890894 Myth 1: Kayexalate is safe and useful. 2024 Jan 2;53(1):afad255. Yerke JR, Mireles-Cabodevila E, Chen AY, Bass SN, Reddy AJ, Bauer SR, Kokoczka L, Dugar S, Moghekar A.

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EMDocs

FEBRUARY 26, 2024

1 While PJP gained significant recognition among HIV-positive adults during the early AIDS epidemic, the growing utilization of immunosuppressants has resulted in an increased incidence of the disease in individuals who are HIV-negative. A recent study by Gaborit et al. 9 The signs and symptoms of PJP infection are non-specific.

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EMDocs

JUNE 7, 2023

1-5 Farmers also treat sheep for parasites using OPs and may become symptomatic after exposure, an illness called Dipper’s Flu. 8 Intermediate syndrome Occurs 1 to 5 days after acute exposure in up to 40% on individuals. 7, 9 Often have absence of excessive cholinergic stimulation. 7 May lead to respiratory failure.

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E-9-1-1 ICU Emergency Department ED 83

REBEL EM

SEPTEMBER 26, 2022

Article: Kumar M et al. 2020;71(1):235-246. This paper explicitly studies the efficacy of TEG-guided transfusion in a specific patient population—patients with advanced cirrhosis with nonvariceal upper GI bleeding. Hepatology. Significant coagulopathy: INR > 1.8 Significant coagulopathy: INR > 1.8

FFP 52

FFP E-9-1-1 ICU ALS 52

EMDocs

APRIL 10, 2024

1-5] Since then, many more medications have been developed and deployed. 1-5] This post focuses on the identification and management of Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity (LAST). 3-5,7] Symptom onset is usually within 1 minute of intravascular injection but can be delayed if multiple injections or continuous infusion. [5]

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Don't Forget the Bubbles

JUNE 17, 2024

The team sits down for a hot debrief once the patient is stabilised and transferred to the ICU. Here are ten things to think about: 1. Churruca K, Pavithra A, McMullan R, Urwin R, Tippett S, Cunningham N, Loh E, Westbrook J. 2014 Jun 26;23(12):653-9. Frich JC, Brewster AL, Cherlin EJ, Bradley EH. 2020 Aug 20.

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Broome Docs

OCTOBER 31, 2022

Ketamine vs etomidate in ICU intubation ? 2022 Jan;48(1):78-91. The PEACH trial: No body had a fit, so… we have no clue Peter-Derex L, Philippeau F, Garnier P, et al. 2022 Sep;21(9):781-791. PMID: 30206143 Less is more when it comes to intravenous fluids de-Madaria E, Buxbaum JL, Maisonneuve P, et al.

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E-9-1-1 Defibrillator ICU Critical Care 52

Don't Forget the Bubbles

JUNE 30, 2023

He has already climbed Ben Nevis in Scotland, visited the Gobi desert (possibly from the comfort of his parents 4 x 4, but who’s judging) and has his bronze D of E nailed. She calls out her findings: A – OK B – 1 puncture mark to the anterior left chest wall, covered with a three-sided dressing. Actively oozing.

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E-9-1-1 FFP Plasma Emergency Department 139

ACEP Now

NOVEMBER 14, 2023

1 However, it is important to understand that death from hemoptysis is almost always due to hypoxia or asphyxiation (blood impedes gas exchange in the lungs, typically because of bleeding from high-pressure bronchial arteries into the lungs) as opposed to hemodynamic instability. 2021;42(1):145-159. Li H, Ding X, Zhai S, et al.

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E-9-1-1 ALS Emergency Department OR 52

ECG & Echo Learning

OCTOBER 2, 2022

Most agents exhibit both vasopressor and inotropic effects (Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). μg/kg/min Bolus : 1 mg IV every 3 to 5 min (max 0.2 mg/kg) IM: (1:1000): 0.1 References Overgaard, Dzavik et al.

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E-9-1-1 ALS Coronary Epinephrine 52

REBEL EM

AUGUST 21, 2023

This trial aimed to assess whether targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia (TTMH) applied during the initial 24 hours of mechanical ventilation in the ICU can enhance neurological outcomes at the 6-month mark, as compared to standard care, which involves targeted normocapnia (TN). Paper: Eastwood G, et al. N Engl J Med. Epub 2023 Jun 15.

Critical Care 98

Critical Care E-9-1-1 CPR ALS 98

Don't Forget the Bubbles

AUGUST 28, 2023

You contact ICU, anaesthetics, ENT, and oncology with a plan to attempt more definitive imaging in the prone position (which Ginny tells you is much comfier) What’s the evidence for our emergent management? The median age at diagnosis was 47 months (range 1-173 months). 2014;9(9):S102-S109. 2019;43(1):98-103.doi:10.1097/RCT.0000000000000782

Emergency Management 97

Emergency Management Emergency Manager E-9-1-1 Critical Care 97

AAEM RSA

AUGUST 27, 2020

1 The primary goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to optimize coronary perfusion pressure and maintain systemic perfusion in order to prevent neurologic and other end-organ damage while working to achieve ROSC. Nielsen N, Wetterslev J, Cronberg T et al. By the time of the study by Nielsen et al. Kirkegaard et al.

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REBEL EM

MAY 8, 2023

Paper: Smith JA, Secombe P, Aromataris E. Only 1 RCT and 1 cohort study had only mechanically ventilated patients. However, this data was driven by a single small trial (Enderson et al.), References: Smith JA, Secombe P, Aromataris E. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021 Dec 1;91(6):1025-1040. in ICC group, 5.8%

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AAEM RSA

APRIL 1, 2021

1 The American College of Surgeons’ (ACS) Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) Massive Transfusion in Trauma Guidelines leave a good amount of flexibility for hospitals regarding transfusion protocols, focusing more on systems-level aspects of designing and implementing MTPs.2,3 Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, et al.

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E-9-1-1 Plasma ACS ALS 52

Don't Forget the Bubbles

JULY 5, 2023

Figure 1: Clinical manifestations and long-term consequences of sickle cell disease Training and education on sickle cell disease: Training and education are crucial to improve morbidity and mortality. Investigations : Bloods show Hb of 8 g/L, White cell count 13x 10 9 /L, Platelets 570 x10 9 /L, CRP 35mg/L.

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Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 5, 2022

He was admitted to the ICU and transferred emergently to a facility where he could undergo emergent dialysis as a part of further evaluation and management. The 2 Questions that I would ask would be: Question #1: In the absence of any history — What are the major diagnose s suggested by the ECG in Figure-1 ? What is it?

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Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 26, 2023

He was admitted to the ICU and was unstable, in shock, overnight. Learning Points: 1. Details of management extend beyond the scope of this ECG Blog — with reviews by Atemnkeng at al ( J Med Cases 12[9]:373-376, 2021 ) and Chakraborty & Hamilton ( StatPearls, 2023 ) available for interested readers.

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Overdose E-9-1-1 Coronary OR 88

Don't Forget the Bubbles

OCTOBER 19, 2023

Secondary outcome analysis showed there was no difference in length of hospital stay, ICU stay, or duration of oxygen therapy. The bottom line is: Early high-flow nasal cannula oxygen started in the ED resulted in a longer length of hospital stay than standard oxygen therapy in children aged 1 – 4 with respiratory failure.

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EMDocs

JANUARY 11, 2024

The neurologic section was divided into (1) brain oxygenation, perfusion, edema, and intracranial pressure (ICP); (2) seizures and the ictal-interictal continuum (IIC); and (3) sedation and analgesia. Digestive Management Takeaway: Start enteral feeds when the patient gets to the ICU. 2023 Dec 1. Start low and go slow.

Critical Care 75

Critical Care E-9-1-1 OR ICU 75

ALiEM

OCTOBER 30, 2024

Due in large part to the proliferation of anonymous chemical factories able to produce industrial volumes of inexpensive synthetic opioids without opium or other controlled precursors, fentanyl spilled into the United States, Canada, and Europe, heroin soon fell to market forces [1, 2]. Xylazine withdrawal is controversial.

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EMDocs

DECEMBER 18, 2023

This was based on studies that demonstrated qSOFA was more specific but less sensitive than its counterparts (Table 1). 1 Since 2021, attempts to identify a single screening tool with optimal sensitivity and specificity to predict which patients will develop sepsis or septic shock have been ongoing.

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E-9-1-1 ALS Emergency Department Plasma 65

EMDocs

FEBRUARY 12, 2024

Introduction Arterial blood gas (ABG) or venous blood gas (VBG) testing is used to assess the pH and systemic carbon dioxide tension in patients, and, therefore, provide a more complete picture of their acid-base status than an isolated basic metabolic panel (BMP) (1). However, ABGs have many drawbacks compared to VBGs.

Emergency Department 94

Emergency Department E-9-1-1 ED ICU 94

EMDocs

JANUARY 6, 2024

1 Indications for transplant include: Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (49%) Ischemic cardiomyopathy (35%) Restrictive cardiomyopathy (4%) Retransplantation following failed prior transplant (3%) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (3%) Congenital heart disease (3%) Valvular cardiomyopathy (3%) The median survival after heart transplant is over 12 years.

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EMS E-9-1-1 ACS Coronary 63

EMDocs

OCTOBER 7, 2023

1-3 Common causes: Natural disasters such as tornadoes or earthquakes 4,5 Structure or building collapses from home fires or bombings. Oda J, Tanaka H, Yoshioka T, et al. Tanaka H, Oda J, Iwai A, et al. 2016;20(1):135. Stahl K, Rastelli E, Schoser B. Chen CY, Lin YR, Zhao LL, et al. 1941;1(4185):427-432.

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EMS E-9-1-1 Emergency Department ALS 73

AAEM RSA

SEPTEMBER 17, 2020

Marik P, Khangoora V, Rivera R, et al. All treatments were given for the assigned time frame or until ICU discharge, whichever came first. Keh D, Trips E, Marx G, et al. Questions Does the treatment of sepsis with a combination of vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone improve outcomes in septic shock?

ICU 52

ICU E-9-1-1 ALS OR 52

REBEL EM

NOVEMBER 11, 2024

Article: Chanderraj R, Admon AJ, He Y, et al. What They Did: Investigators performed a retrospective cohort study in the Emergency Department at the University of Michigan between July 1, 2014 through December 31, 2018. Imbalances Between Treatment Groups : ICU Admissions : Higher in piperacillin-tazobactam (33% vs. 30%).

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