Updates in the Management of Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia or Ventricular Fibrillation Arrest
ACEP Now
JULY 7, 2023
2 Standard management for VT and VF involves the use of electrical defibrillation, high-quality chest compressions, and epinephrine. 5 More recent literature defines “refractory” as VT or VF that is persistent or recurrent despite three shocks from a defibrillator, three rounds of epinephrine, and use of an antiarrhythmic (i.e.,
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