EMS 12-Lead

JUNE 20, 2022

Moreover, he had no pertinent medical history to report in terms of CAD, HTN, HLD, or DM, for example. A prehospital STEMI activation was transmitted to the closest PCI center, and 324mg ASA was administered. His vital signs were unremarkable, and the lung fields were free of fluid congestion during auscultation.

ACS 130

ACS Coronary STEMI CAD 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 6, 2010

He had no previous history of CAD, and presented with very typical waxing and waning chest pain, much worse with exertion but also present at rest and on presentation, though his pain was minimal at the time of the ECG. This is all suggestive of posterior STEMI, but not definitely diagnostic. I saw this 59 year old male 3 weeks ago.

STEMI 52

STEMI CAD OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 8, 2016

He had significant history of CAD with CABG x5, and repeat CABG x 2 as well as a subsequent PCI of the graft to the RCA (twice) and of the graft to the Diagonal. Here is his ED ECG: There is obvious infero-posterior STEMI. What are you worried about in addition to his STEMI? Most recent echo showed EF of 60%.

STEMI 52

STEMI Plasma Defibrillator OR 52

ECG & Echo Learning

JANUARY 18, 2023

STEMI , ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction ). 1 Initial diagnosis of STEMI ECG Management Recommendation Level of evidence A 12-lead ECG should be interpreted immediately (within 10 minutes) at first medical contact. I C Pain Titrated i.v. IIa C Anxiety Tranquillizer (e.g benzodiazepine) is considered.

STEMI 40

STEMI Coronary OR Defibrillator 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 1, 2012

This was a middle aged female with a h/o CAD who presented to the ED by EMS sudden onset of central chest pressure 45 min prior to ED arrival with associated diaphoresis and SOB.  There is LVH and there are ST-T abnormalities (large inferior T-waves and ST elevation, with reciprocal findings in aVL).

STEMI 52

STEMI CAD ED EMS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 22, 2023

A prior ECG from 1 month ago was available: The presentation ECG was interpreted as STEMI and the patient was transferred emergently to the nearest PCI center. The patient proceeded to cath where all coronaries were described as normal with no evidence of any CAD, spasm, or any other abnormality. PM Cardio digitized version.

E-9-1-1 92

E-9-1-1 CAD OR STEMI 92

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 29, 2015

Case history A middle-aged woman with a history of HTN, but no prior CAD, presented to the ED with chest pain. would require the ST/S ratio to be 25% for diagnosis of STEMI in LVH. The physician was concerned about STEMI, but also worried that she was overreacting, with the potential that LVH was producing a "STEMI-mimic."

STEMI 40

STEMI Coronary ALS CAD 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 22, 2023

20% of cases that everyone would call a STEMI have a competely open artery by the time of angiogram 60-90 minutes later. Patient stated that he has had glucose over 400 even though he has not missed any doses of insulin. The ST depression vector includes these leads and cancels out the STE of the inferior OMI.

ED 119

ED Coronary CAD STEMI 119

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 1, 2013

A middle aged male with no h/o CAD presented with one week of crescendo exertional angina, and had chest pain at the time of the first ECG: Here is the patient's previous ECG: Here is the patient's presenting ED ECG: There is isolated ST depression in precordial leads, deeper in V2 - V4 than in V5 or V6. There is no ST elevation.

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS Coronary CAD 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 24, 2015

He had a history of CAD with CABG. We found that 38% of out of hospital ventricular fibrillation was due to STEMI. Correlation of STEMI in Resuscitated Non-traumatic out-of-hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest patients with Initial Rhythm and Cardiac Catheterization Findings (Abstract 580). A middle-aged male had a V Fib arrest.

Defibrillator 52

Defibrillator ACS CAD STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 24, 2019

However, a smooth tapering of the mid-RCA was seen, highlighted in red below: How do we explain the MI if no sign of CAD was found? This MI wasn’t caused by a ruptured plaque of CAD - it was a coronary artery dissection of the RCA. A recent study found that SCAD causes almost 20% of STEMI in young women.

Coronary 52

Coronary CAD ACS STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 19, 2024

The ED provider ordered a coronary CT scan to assess the patient for CAD. His EKG with worse pain now shows enough ST elevation to meet STEMI criteria. The EKG was read by the conventional computer algorithm as diagnostic of “ACUTE MI/STEMI”. The patient started receiving medications for “STEMI” (including heparin!!!)

STEMI 60

STEMI Coronary CAD ED 60

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 19, 2020

This is a troponin I level that is almost exclusively seen in STEMI. So this is either a case of MINOCA, or a case of Type II STEMI. If the arrest had another etiology (such as old scar), and the ST elevation is due to severe shock, then it is a type II STEMI. I believe the latter (type II STEMI) is most likely.

Defibrillator 52

Defibrillator CPR Coronary CAD 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 14, 2023

Sent by Anonymous, written by Pendell Meyers A man in his 60s with history of CAD and 2 prior stents presented to the ED complaining of acute heavy substernal chest pain that began while eating breakfast about an hour ago, and had been persistent since then, despite EMS administering aspirin and nitroglycerin. Pre-intervention.

CAD 52

CAD ACS STEMI Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 18, 2013

So I went to look at the chart and here is the history: This patient with no h/o CAD had a couple of episodes of chest pain during the day, then presented with one hour of substernal chest pain that had some reproducibility but also improved from 10/10 to 5/10 with nitroglycerine. He was admitted to the hospital for a "rule out."

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary ALS CAD 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 12, 2017

This is diagnostic of inferior MI, though does not meet millimeter criteria for "STEMI." He had a family history of early CAD and occasional drug and tobacco use. He was worried for inferior MI and ordered another, which was recorded 15 minutes later: Now clearly and obviously diagnostic of inferior STEMI. Do you want to see it?

STEMI 52

STEMI CAD Coronary ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 19, 2023

Concerning history, known CAD" Recorded 2 hours after pain onset: What do you think? The patient was diagnosed with a"Non-STEMI." Traditionally , Occlusion MI (OMI) myocardial infarctions that are not STEMI are called NonSTEMI. This was my response: "This looks like a worrisome EKG. But by now you must have a repeat ECG.

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary CAD OR 52

ACEP Now

APRIL 4, 2024

This patient had known coronary artery disease (CAD), and previously required drug eluting stents to the obtuse marginal and diagonal arteries. Figure 1: EKG for Dextrocardia showing STEMI. The second EKG was concerning for STEMI in the precordial leads (see figure 1). Click to enlarge.) 1 It has a prevalence of 0.01

Coronary 40

Coronary STEMI CAD Emergency Department 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 6, 2019

This is technically a STEMI, with 1.5 However, I think many practitioners might not see this as a clear STEMI, and would instead call this "borderline." They collected several repeat ECGs at the outside hospital before transport: None of these three ECGs meet STEMI criteria. This ECG was recorded on arrival: What do you think?

STEMI 52

STEMI ALS ACS ICU 52

Emergency Medicine Ireland

DECEMBER 7, 2020

As the pregnant population continues to age and with RF and smoking and DM still common we can expect to see pregnant woman with CAD. While interesting and exam worthy you’re still going to see STEMI on the ECH and have to go to the cath lab so perhaps it doesn’t change much of what we do. Improved care of complex.

Critical Care 40

Critical Care CAD Plasma ACS 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 16, 2015

A middle-aged male with h/o CAD and stents presented with typical chest pressure. It may be difficult to read STEMI in the setting of RBBB. There is, however, a long QT also, with abnormal T-waves, but this is not STEMI. So there is pathologic ST elevation here, consistent with anterolateral STEMI. Called 911.

STEMI 40

STEMI CPR CAD Coronary 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 9, 2019

When total LM occlusion does present with STE in aVR, there is ALWAYS ST Elevation elsewhere which makes STEMI obvious; in other words, STE is never limited to only aVR but instead it is part of a massive and usually obvious STEMI. All are, however, clearly massive STEMI. This is her ECG: An obvious STEMI, but which artery?

Coronary 52

Coronary STEMI ACS ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

The axiom of "type 1 (ACS, plaque rupture) STEMIs are not tachycardic unless they are in cardiogenic shock" is not applicable outside of sinus rhythm. Is that an obvious STEMI underneath that rhythm? Therefore this patient is either in some form of SVT or atrial flutter. If I fix the rhythm will the ST changes resolve? Clear lungs.

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS CAD OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 30, 2022

J Electrocardiol [Internet] 2022;Available from: [link] Cardiology opinion: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (EF 30-35%) V Fib Cardiac arrest Prolonged QTC NSTEMI (Smith comment: is it NSTEMI or is it Takotsubo? -- these are entirely different) Moderate single-vessel CAD. V1 has 0.5 mm of elevation. ng/mL [IQR: 0.46, 2.35]. Learning Points: 1.

Emergency Department 52

Emergency Department E-9-1-1 Coronary STEMI 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 30, 2019

2) The STE in V1 and V2 has an R'-wave and downsloping ST segments, very atypical for STEMI. 2) The STE in V1 and V2 has an R'-wave and downsloping ST segments, very atypical for STEMI. Cardiology was consulted and they agreed that the EKG had an atypical morphology for STEMI and did not activate the cath lab. F (rectal).

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 CAD STEMI OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 28, 2018

He has a history of known CAD, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The STD in V2-V4 is almost certainly reciprocal STD, reciprocal to STEMI in the posterior wall; this is evident because it is maximal in V2-V4, not in V4-V6. Moreover, T-wave inversion in aVL was also found to be 100% sensitive and 86% specific for inferior STEMI.

Coronary 52

Coronary STEMI CAD ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 9, 2023

No family history of sudden cardiac death, cardiomyopathy, premature CAD, or other cardiac issues. 50% of LAD STEMIs do not have reciprocal findings in inferior leads, and many LAD OMIs instead have STE and/or HATWs in inferior leads instead. The ECG easily meets STEMI criteria in all leads V2-V6, as well. Covid PCR negative.

Coronary 52

Coronary STEMI Heart Attack OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 20, 2020

A 75 yo with h/o CAD, CABG, and HFrEF presented after a syncopal episode. The medics were worried about STEMI, as it meets STEMI criteria. The troponins are NOT consistent with STEMI (OMI), which typically has a troponin I of at least 5 ng/mL. There was no prodrome and no associated symptoms such as SOB or CP.

STEMI 52

STEMI CAD OR Coronary 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 10, 2023

CAD-RADS category 1. --No Later, she developed chest pain again, and had this ECG recorded: Obvious Anterior OMI that is also a STEMI Coronary angiogram- --Right dominant coronary artery system --The left main artery was normal in appearance and free of obstructive disease. --The Transient STEMI is at high risk of re-occlusion.

Coronary 52

Coronary STEMI CAD OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 3, 2018

Submitted and written by Alex Bracey with edits by Pendell Meyers and Steve Smith Case A 50ish year old man with a history of CAD w/ prior LAD MI s/p LAD stenting presented to the ED with chest pain similar to his prior MI, but worse. Despite ongoing chest discomfort and an uptrending troponin, he never meets STEMI criteria.

ACS 52

ACS STEMI Coronary CAD 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 4, 2016

Important Learning Point: "STEMI" is defined by millimeter criteria (1 mm in limb leads), which this does not meet. Therefore it is not a STEMI. But what we truly care about is coronary occlusion, for which STEMI is just a surrogate that is only about 75% sensitive for occlusion. Some are STEMI-equivalents.

E-9-1-1 40

E-9-1-1 STEMI Coronary CAD 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 11, 2019

These findings are very subtle but suspicious for LAD occlusion, as we have seen in many similar (but less difficult) cases on this blog: A man in his sixties with chest pain at midnight with undetectable troponin How long would you like to wait for your Occlusion MI to show a STEMI? He also had non-acute CAD of the RCA (50%) and LCX (50%).

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS CAD ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 3, 2023

A man in his 70s with past medical history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, CAD s/p left circumflex stent 2 years prior presented to the ED with worsening intermittent exertional chest pain relieved by rest. Written by Nathanael Franks MD, reviewed by Meyers, Smith, Grauer, etc. He was diagnosed as NSTEMI.

ACS 83

ACS Coronary ALS CAD 83

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 31, 2018

She had zero CAD risk factors. It is equivalent to a transient STEMI. Not much, but studies of STEMI and NonSTEMI show that about 70% of those diagnosed with STEMI have a peak troponin I above 10 ng/mL and that about 70% of those diagnosed with NonSTEMI have a peak troponin I below 10 ng/mL.

Coronary 52

Coronary ACS STEMI OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 10, 2022

As in all ischemia interpretations with OMI findings, the findings can be due to type 1 AMI (example: acute coronary plaque rupture and thrombosis) or type 2 AMI (with or without fixed CAD, with severe regional supply/demand mismatch essentially equaling zero blood flow). There is also STD in V2-V4 (but maximal in V5-V6).

ACS 52

ACS CPR CAD Heart Attack 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 19, 2016

Clinical Course The paramedic activated a “Code STEMI” alert and transported the patient nearly 50 miles to the closest tertiary medical center. 2 The astute paramedic recognized this possibility and announced a CODE STEMI. 2 The astute paramedic recognized this possibility and announced a CODE STEMI. What do you see?

Coronary 40

Coronary ACS ALS STEMI 40

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 13, 2019

They found non-obstructive CAD, with only a 20% stenosis of OM2 and 10% RCA. normal variant, not pericarditis) A Young Man with Sharp Chest pain (normal variant, not pericarditis) 24 yo woman with chest pain: Is this STEMI? A repeat ECG was performed and cardiology was re-consulted: Roughly unchanged. No acute culprit. Pericarditis?

E-9-1-1 52

E-9-1-1 ACS Coronary CAD 52