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Background: Primary PCI is the recommended reperfusion strategy in patients with STEMI and should be initiated within 2 hours after first medical contact. STREAM-2: Half-Dose Tenecteplase or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Older Patients With ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized, Open-Label Trial.
The paramedics achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CPR, advanced cardiac life support (ALCS), and Intubation. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is responsible for the majority (60%) of all OHCAs in patients. EMS arrives and finds the patient in monomorphic ventricular tachycardic (VT) cardiac arrest.
They started CPR. But cardiac arrest is a period of near zero flow in the coronary arteries and causes SEVERE ischemia. Cardiac arrest #3: ST depression, Is it STEMI? Smith's ECG Blog ( See My Comment in the March 1, 2023 post) — DSI does not indicate acute coronary occlusion! He was defibrillated into VT.
Emergent coronary angiography is not recommended over a delayed or selective strategy in patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest in the absence of ST-segment elevation, shock, electrical instability, signs of significant myocardial damage, and ongoing ischemia (Level 3: no benefit). COR 2b, LOE B-R. COR 2b, LOE C-LD. COR 1, LOE B-NR.
Did they get bystander CPR? Control: 53.4% D ECLS: 18.2% Control 8.7% Control 38.0% Majority of patients had PCI performed (96.6%) Impella CP was most common mechanical circulatory support in patients without ECLS (85.7%) Death From Any Cause at 30d ECLS: 47.8% Control: 49.0% RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.19; p = 0.81 Control: 9.6% Control 3.8%
More past history: hypertension, tobacco use, coronary artery disease with two vessel PCI to the right coronary artery and circumflex artery several years prior. He reports that this chest pain feels different than prior chest pain when he had his STEMI/OMI, but is unable to further describe chest pain. So it can miss some OMI.
ECMO Flow was achieved after approximately 1 hour of high quality CPR. Angiography showed normal coronaries. This is a troponin I level that is almost exclusively seen in STEMI. So this is either a case of MINOCA, or a case of Type II STEMI. I believe the latter (type II STEMI) is most likely. What is MINOCA?
Post by Smith and Meyers Sam Ghali ( [link] ) just asked me (Smith): "Steve, do left main coronary artery *occlusions* (actual ones with transmural ischemia) have ST Depression or ST Elevation in aVR?" All are, however, clearly massive STEMI. This is her ECG: An obvious STEMI, but which artery? Widimsky P et al.
Two recent interventions have proven in randomized trials to improve neurologic survival in cardiac arrest: 1) the combination of the ResQPod and the ResQPump (suction device for compression-decompression CPR -- Lancet 2011 ) and 2) Dual Sequential defibrillation. Finally, head-up CPR (which was not used here), makes for better resuscitation.
Furthermore, among 35 patients with acute left main coronary artery occlusion, 9 presented with RBBB (mostly with LAH) on the admission ECG. Here are three more dramatic cases that illustrate RBBB + LAFB Case 1 of cardiac arrest with unrecognized STEMI, died.
Here is his ED ECG: There is obvious infero-posterior STEMI. What are you worried about in addition to his STEMI? Comments: STEMI with hypokalemia, especially with a long QT, puts the patient at very high risk of Torsades or Ventricular fibrillation (see many references, with abstracts, below). There is atrial fibrillation.
Medics found her apneic and pulseless, began CPR, and she was found to be in asystole. Note that they finally have laid to rest the new or presumably new LBBB as a criteria for STEMI. Note that they finally have laid to rest the new or presumably new LBBB as a criteria for STEMI. Kurkciyan et al.
It was witnessed, and CPR was performed by trained individuals. She arrived in the ED 37 minutes after 911 was called, with continuing CPR. The last section is a detailed discussion of the research on aVR in both STEMI and NonSTEMI. Updates on the Electrocardiogram in Acute Coronary Syndromes. see below). References : 1.
It may be difficult to read STEMI in the setting of RBBB. There is, however, a long QT also, with abnormal T-waves, but this is not STEMI. This ECG was recorded prehospital, and the computer read STEMI, so the medics activated the cath lab: What do you think? The ECG is consistent with high lateral STEMI. Called 911.
The assay at my institution, for example, is frequently negative until 4-6 hours after acute coronary occlusion. This rhythm reportedly produced no palpable pulse, and CPR was continued. 30 seconds later, however, the patient began spontaneously moving and CPR was discontinued.
He underwent immediate CPR, was found to be in ventricular fibrillation, and was successfully resuscitated. He underwent coronary stenting (uncertain which artery). See explanation below. The patient went home and, in front of his wife, he collapsed. I do not have the post-resuscitation ECG.
He underwent CPR, and regained a pulse after epinephrine, with an organized narrow complex rhythm at 140, but still with severe shock. And so it is wise to look at the coronary arteries. This ECG certainly looks like myocarditis, and was due to myocarditis, but missing acute coronary occlusion is not acceptable.
Jesse McLaren (@ECGcases), of Emergency Medicine Cases Reviewed by Pendell Meyers and Steve Smith An 85yo with a history of hypertension developed chest pain and collapsed, and had bystander CPR. The patient was brought to the ED as a possible Code STEMI and was seen directly by cardiology. Any indications for cath lab activation?
He underwent CPR and then was shocked out of VF. Both hyperacute T waves and posterior OMI are now formally endorsed as "STEMI equivalents" by the ACC. == MY Comment, by K EN G RAUER, MD ( 11/23 /2022 ): == Cases in which initial ECG findings are subtle before undergoing dramatic change, — are always impressive.
Data that do not establish neurological risk stratification in the first 6 hours after CA include the patient’s age, duration of CPR, seizure activity, serum lactate level or pH, Glasgow motor subscore in patients who received NMB or sedation, pupillary function in patients who received atropine, and optic nerve sheath diameter (95.3%, 20/21).
CPR was initiated immediately. As in all ischemia interpretations with OMI findings, the findings can be due to type 1 AMI (example: acute coronary plaque rupture and thrombosis) or type 2 AMI (with or without fixed CAD, with severe regional supply/demand mismatch essentially equaling zero blood flow).
cm diameter in the apex The presence of thrombus led the clinicians to state that this was a "late presentation STEMI." It does take some time for thrombus to form, but the EKG and the troponin profile show that this was NOT a late presentation STEMI. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries.
The arterial pressure waveform is transduced using the coronary catheter. Normally, the diameter of the coronary artery ostium is much greater than the diameter of the catheter so that catheter engagement does not significantly impair antegrade coronary perfusion. Here is the ECG and arterial waveform during RCA angiography.
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