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A 45-year-old male with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, amphetamine and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use, and coronary vasospasm presented to triage with chest pain. During assessment, the patient reported that a left heart catheterization six months prior indicated spasms but no coronary artery disease.
Revascularization of the culprit lesion remains one of the few established treatments though there are numerous other unproven modalities including extracorporeal lifesupport (ECLS). Extracorporeal LifeSupport in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock. Extracorporeal LifeSupport in Infarct-Related Cardiogenic Shock.
The paramedics achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CPR, advanced cardiac lifesupport (ALCS), and Intubation. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is responsible for the majority (60%) of all OHCAs in patients. She has a history of hypertension and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Emergent coronary angiography is not recommended over a delayed or selective strategy in patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest in the absence of ST-segment elevation, shock, electrical instability, signs of significant myocardial damage, and ongoing ischemia (Level 3: no benefit). COR 1, LOE B-NR. COR 2a, LOE B-NR. COR 2a, LOE C-LD.
Treatment of cardiac arrest and life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning often requires specialized treatments that most clinicians do not use frequently such as antidotes and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, in addition to effective basic and advanced lifesupport. COR 2a, LOE C-LD. COR 2a, LOE C-LD.
More recent literature and guidelines support the use of lidocaine as an alternative agent, and currently both are included in standard advanced cardiovascular lifesupport. Coronary artery disease in patients with out-of-hospital refractory ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. 2023;163(5):1109-1119. Circulation.
Cardiac arrest was called and advanced lifesupport was undertaken for this patient. The patient was referred for coronary angiography which did not reveal any atherosclerotic changes. A formal echo at the PCI center after coronary angiography revealed a large septal and apical WMA. Troponin I peaked at 769 ng/L.
She was unable to be defibrillated but was cannulated and placed on ECMO in our Emergency Department (ECLS - extracorporeal lifesupport). Angiography showed normal coronaries. MINOCA: Myocardial Infarction in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease). 2) overlooked obstructive coronary disease (e.g.,
However, vertical flow can result in myocardial injury secondary to coronary artery spasm. Advanced Paediatric LifeSupport [Internet]. Household supply in the UK and Australia is typically capped at 230v, so children get low-voltage injuries. Volume resuscitation in patients with high-voltage electrical injuries. Wiley; 2016.
Statements: Early risk stratification is not intended as a tool for triage to withdraw lifesupport and is not used for that purpose (90.5%, 19/21). If mechanical circulatory support is not available, transfer to a center with these capabilities may be possible (95.7%, 22/23).
Thus, unstable patients should be stabilized based on a physician’s trauma expertise; whether through Advanced Trauma LifeSupport, Trauma Combat Casualty Care, or one’s own trauma assessment. Acute myocardial infarction with normal and near normal coronary arteries. Emerg Med Pract. 2018 Nov;20(11):1-20. Am J Cardiol.
And so it is wise to look at the coronary arteries. He was started on Extracorporeal LifeSupport ("VA ECMO") Here is the ECG on ECMO: Very low voltage On Day 3, the EF recovered (that seems quick!) This ECG certainly looks like myocarditis, and was due to myocarditis, but missing acute coronary occlusion is not acceptable.
1 The primary goal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is to optimize coronary perfusion pressure and maintain systemic perfusion in order to prevent neurologic and other end-organ damage while working to achieve ROSC. Interventions during the acute phase of treatment post return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) are therefore critical.
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