Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 15, 2023

Angiogram No obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease Cannot exclude non-ACS causes of troponin elevation including coronary vasospasm, stress cardiomyopathy, microvascular disease, etc. CORONARY ARTERIES: Exam was not directly tailored for coronary artery evaluation, noting recent diagnostic coronary angiogram.

Coronary 109

Coronary E-9-1-1 STEMI ACS 109

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 2, 2025

Among patients with left bundle branch block, T-wave peak to T-wave end time is prolonged in the presence of acute coronary occlusion. Finally, do a coronary angiogram Possible alternative to pacing is to give a beta-1 agonist to increase heart rate. T-waves are quite tall and possibly peaked (HyperK?), but potassium returned normal.

Coronary 115

Coronary OR Defibrillator ALS 115

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 27, 2023

Note that as many as 7% of patients with acute coronary syndrome have chest pain reproducible on palpation [Lee, Solomon]. which reduces the pre-test probability of acute coronary syndrome by less than 30% [McGee]. Chest pain reproducible on palpation does not rule out acute coronary syndrome. Guagliumi, G., Iwaoka, R.

E-9-1-1 129

E-9-1-1 OR Coronary ACS 129

Emergency Medicine Cases

DECEMBER 20, 2023

ST/T changes: consider the differential including demand ischemia, associated electrolyte abnormalities, Brugada pattern from sodium channel blockade, and acute coronary occlusion vs vasospasm from cocaine. The post ECG Cases 47 – ECG Interpretation in Toxicology appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.

Coronary 260

Coronary OR Overdose EMS 260

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 15, 2024

Additionally, his cardiac telemetry monitor showed runs of accelerated idioventricular rhythm, a benign arrhythmia often associated with coronary reperfusion. The patient is a 75-year old man with known coronary disease, including prior LAD and LCx OMI. That this patient has severe underlying coronary disease is indisputable.

OR 115

OR STEMI ED Coronary 115

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

JULY 2, 2022

Major adverse cardiac event rates in moderate-risk patients: Does prior coronary disease matter? Major adverse cardiac event rates in moderate-risk patients: Does prior coronary disease matter? He has no history of coronary artery disease. Date: June 30th, 2022 Reference: McGinnis et al. AEM June 2022. AEM June 2022.

Coronary 100

Coronary Heart Attack ACS CAD 100

First 10 EM

DECEMBER 25, 2023

Throughout the length of my career, we have consistently heard that less is more when it comes to blood transfusions (outside of the critically ill requiring massive transfusion, where the message, correct or not, has been the exact opposite).

OR 119

OR Coronary EMS 119

Core EM

JANUARY 25, 2024

Risk factors that increase the likelihood of VT include history of previous myocardial infarction, known coronary artery disease, and structural heart disease. The differential diagnosis for this patient includes Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) with aberrancy. Sources [link] [link] [link] [link].

Coronary 246

Coronary Emergency Department ED OR 246

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 1, 2023

This patient in today's case was a man in his 60s with a known history of coronary disease, including prior stents. But in a patient with known coronary disease — who presents with new symptoms and the above ECG changes — any amount of Troponin elevation has to be taken as indicative of an acute event until proven otherwise.

OR 126

OR STEMI Coronary CAD 126

ACEP Now

JULY 7, 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presenting to the ED in refractory VF, a majority have significant coronary artery disease, much of which is amenable to percutaneous coronary intervention. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a commonly encountered entity in U.S.

Defibrillator 98

Defibrillator OR ALS Epinephrine 98

EMDocs

NOVEMBER 6, 2023

Author: Brit Long, MD (@long_brit) // Reviewed by Alex Koyfman, MD (@EMHighAK) The American Heart Association 2023 Guideline for managing cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning was recently released. This post will focus on the key parts of the guideline that affect ED evaluation and management. Top 10 Take Home Pearls 1.

Naloxone 116

Naloxone OR BLS Overdose 116

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 22, 2023

This is diagnostic of full reperfusion.] An old ECG was found: As you can see, this patient has zero baseline STE, and normal T-waves. You never know if a patient's baseline has normal large STE or complete absence of STE, or somewhere in between. 90% of normals have some STE in V2 and V3. I focus my comment on this initial ECG in today's case.

OR 129

OR STEMI Coronary 129

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 5, 2024

Why Was Cardiac Cath Negative for Coronary Disease? As noted by Dr. Nossen — this patient qualified as MINOCA ( M yocardial I nfarction with N on- O bstructive C oronary A rteries ) — since troponin was positive on his 2nd admission, yet there was no evidence of obstructive coronary disease on cath.

Coronary 121

Coronary ACS ALS OR 121

EMS 12-Lead

JULY 24, 2023

Category 1 : Sudden narrowing of a coronary artery due to ACS (plaque rupture with thrombosis and/or downstream showering of platelet-fibrin aggregates. It’s judicious, then, to arrange for coronary angiogram. Supply-demand mismatch (non-occlusive coronary disease, or exacerbation of preexisting flow insufficiency) a.

Coronary 130

Coronary ACS CAD ED 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 10, 2025

But like many similar studies, the study was small (one year at one centre with no indication of the incidence of acute coronary occlusion), and it used as the gold standard the final cardiologist interpretation of the ECG - not the patient outcome! So waiting for serial troponin would have further delayed reperfusion. Take home 1.

STEMI 88

STEMI OR Coronary Emergency Department 88

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 25, 2024

But cardiac arrest is a period of near zero flow in the coronary arteries and causes SEVERE ischemia. Smith's ECG Blog ( See My Comment in the March 1, 2023 post) — DSI does not indicate acute coronary occlusion! It also does not uniformly indicate severe coronary disease. The ECG shows severe ischemia, possibly posterior OMI.

Defibrillator 123

Defibrillator Coronary Epinephrine ACS 123

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 6, 2023

Doing so allows you to put YOURSELF to the TEST ( keeping in mind that all ECGs shown are from patients with chest pain suggestive of potential acute coronary disease ). Smith shows a new ECG. So — FREEZE the picture of each ECG on the screen — FORCE yourself to commit to an answer.

OR 98

OR STEMI Coronary 98

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

JANUARY 18, 2020

Date: January 16th, 2020 Reference: Troponin Testing and Coronary Syndrome in Geriatric Patients With Nonspecific Complaints: Are We Overtesting? Date: January 16th, 2020 Reference: Troponin Testing and Coronary Syndrome in Geriatric Patients With Nonspecific Complaints: Are We Overtesting?

ACS 130

ACS Coronary Emergency Department ALS 130

EMS 12-Lead

SEPTEMBER 6, 2022

Coronary thrombosis is a dynamic process of platelet aggregation and subsequent coagulation. During spontaneous reperfusion -- whether via thrombolysis, or recruitment of collateral circulation -- there exists characteristic ST/T changes on the ECG. Case Review: [link]

Coronary 130

Coronary OR 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 29, 2023

This new ECG was still interpreted as STEMI and the patient was taken to the cath lab where the angiogram showed completely normal coronary arteries throughout. Smith : this ECG is definitely not OMI, but could be mistaken for Swirl pattern, which is a septal OMI with STE in V1 and STD in V6. Unfortunately no echo was available.

OR 124

OR STEMI EMS ED 124

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

SEPTEMBER 11, 2021

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is responsible for the majority (60%) of all OHCAs in patients. Emergency coronary angiography is reasonable for select (eg, electrically or hemodynamically unstable) adult patients who are comatose after OHCA of suspected cardiac origin but without ST elevation on ECG (Class IIa, LOE B-NR).

EMR 130

EMR Coronary Defibrillator Life Support 130

Emergency Medicine Cases

SEPTEMBER 15, 2020

Which had an acute coronary occlusion? Signs of occlusion MI in patients with LVH include: new Q waves/loss of R waves, disproportionate and dynamic ST elevation (or ST depression from posterior MI), and hyperacute T waves. In this ECG Cases blog we look at 6 patients who presented with potentially ischemic symptoms and LVH on their ECG.

STEMI 130

STEMI Coronary OR EMS 130

EMS 12-Lead

SEPTEMBER 5, 2022

Another spurious finding is a QS pattern that mimics Anterior MI, and in the acute setting this may elicit compulsory urge to pursue invasive coronary intervention that is entirely unwarranted. Tom Bouthillet demonstrates appropriate electrode application when capturing the pre-hospital 12 Lead ECG: [link]

Coronary 130

Coronary OR 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 8, 2024

In the context of this woman in her 60s who has known coronary disease ( and who is now presenting with acute chest discomfort ) — I interpreted neighboring leads V1 and V2 as part of the same acute process suggested by the QRST in lead V3.

OR 122

OR STEMI ICU Coronary 122

EMS 12-Lead

MAY 20, 2022

Additional architectural changes include systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, endothelial dysfunction at the level of the coronary arterial bed, and ventricular diastolic dysfunction. This worried the crew of potential acute coronary syndrome and STEMI was activated pre-hospital. It is spread to V2 and V3.

Coronary 130

Coronary STEMI ED Firefighter 130

EMDocs

DECEMBER 11, 2023

Emergency physicians have recognized for some time that there are many occlusions of the coronary arteries that do not present with classic STEMI criteria on the ECG. This included the addition several new STEMI equivalents [4] on ECG that warrant “prompt evaluation for emergency coronary angiography.”

STEMI 120

STEMI Coronary Emergency Department OR 120

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 7, 2023

I quickly reviewed the patient’s records and saw that she was a 53 year old woman with a history of BMI 40, but no other identifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease. In this patient with stuttering symptoms and rising troponin, there is no other option but to perform emergent coronary angiography. Hers is shown below.

Coronary 123

Coronary OR 123

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

DECEMBER 19, 2023

The commonest causes of MINOCA include: atherosclerotic causes such as plaque rupture or erosion with spontaneous thrombolysis, and non-atherosclerotic causes such as coronary vasospasm (sometimes called variant angina or Prinzmetal's angina), coronary embolism or thrombosis, possibly microvascular dysfunction. This is not the case.

E-9-1-1 126

E-9-1-1 Coronary ACS BLS 126

EMS 12-Lead

MARCH 19, 2023

He denied any known medical history, specifically: coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or any prior PCI/stent. Learning points 1] Acute Coronary Syndrome has many shades of clinical manifestation. Breath sounds were clear in all lung fields. No appreciable skin pallor.

Coronary 130

Coronary STEMI Paramedic Defibrillator 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 18, 2024

The ECG is just a test: a Bayesian approach to acute coronary occlusion If a patient with a recent femur fracture has sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis, the D-dimer doesn’t matter: the patient’s pre-test likelihood for PE is so high that they need a CT. But does this matter?

STEMI 120

STEMI Coronary ALS CAD 120

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 25, 2024

Here is the post shock ECG: Cardiology was called stat for ischemic VT, query SCAD vs thrombotic occlusion vs coronary vasospasm. Cath lab was activated: There was no coronary artery disease, but there was spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) of the distal LAD, which was narrowed by 95%, and treated medically.

OR 65

OR STEMI ACS Coronary 65

EMS 12-Lead

JUNE 20, 2022

One cannot rely on this feature as a means of detecting changes – subtle, or dramatic – for volatile occlusive coronary thrombus. Discussion When the QRS is normal, is the encountered ST/T changes that beget suspicion for LAD ACS (as in both of these cases) the result of occlusive coronary thrombus, or simply a normal variant?

ACS 130

ACS Coronary STEMI CAD 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 20, 2024

The scan also showed “scattered coronary artery plaques”. __ Smith comment 1 : the appropriate management at this point is to lower the blood pressure (lower afterload, which increases myocardial oxygen demand). They too have dense white masses consistent with coronary atherosclerosis. The blue circle shows the LCx.

CAD 124

CAD STEMI Coronary ACS 124

REBEL EM

OCTOBER 25, 2023

Take Home Points: A CCTA is an anatomic test to determine if a patient has normal coronary arteries, non-obstructive disease, or obstructive disease. Take Home Points: A CCTA is an anatomic test to determine if a patient has normal coronary arteries, non-obstructive disease, or obstructive disease.

Coronary 101

Coronary EMS OR 101

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 7, 2024

The most likely would be #2) initially normal, then #3) subtle OMI, then #4) obvious STEMI, and then #1) reperfusion: In other words, the patient with an initially normal ECG develops an acute coronary occlusion, with ECGs that progress from subtle to obvious, and then reperfuse after angiography. 2 Normal ECG #3.

STEMI 111

STEMI Coronary OR EMS 111

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 9, 2024

Before the lab values returned this patient had a n emergent coronary CT angiogram done that ruled out CAD. A false positive cath lab activation is also off course acceptable for this diagnosis if you cannot get an emergent coronary CT angiogram. Each main coronary artery (LAD, RCA and LCx) are shown in separate images.

Coronary 107

Coronary CAD ACS OR 107

EMDocs

JANUARY 8, 2024

Emergent coronary angiography is not recommended over a delayed or selective strategy in patients with ROSC after cardiac arrest in the absence of ST-segment elevation, shock, electrical instability, signs of significant myocardial damage, and ongoing ischemia (Level 3: no benefit). COR 2a, LOE B-R. COR 2a, LOE C-LD. COR 2b, LOE B-R.

Epinephrine 98

Epinephrine Defibrillator Coronary CPR 98