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ToxCard: Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity

EMDocs

1-5] Since then, many more medications have been developed and deployed. Metabolism of ester anesthetics is by plasma cholinesterase, whereas amides are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in the liver. [6] 6] Action of local anesthetics is dependent upon the molecule crossing the plasma membrane in a unionized form. [2]

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ToxCard: Diethylene Glycol

EMDocs

1 Clinical Questions: When should a clinician suspect diethylene glycol (DEG) toxicity? DEG is rapidly absorbed when ingested and can reach peak plasma and brain tissue concentrations within four hours of ingestion. Elimination half-life data is not well established but increases in larger overdoses and as renal injury begins to occur.

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ToxCard: Naloxone – Pearls and Pitfalls

EMDocs

Background: Fentanyl has contributed to a significant increase in drug overdose deaths in recent years. 1 Most heroin in the United States actually contains fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. Naloxone reverses the analgesic, respiratory, sedative , and miotic e ffects of opioids. 6 Image 1: Structure of naloxone.

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ToxCard: Iron

EMDocs

Historically, iron toxicity and exposure affected children in unintentional overdose disproportionately. 1 The incidence of iron overdose and iron ingestion related deaths has significantly decreased over time, likely attributable to federal regulation. 1 Table 1: Iron content of various preparations.

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