REBEL EM

JULY 5, 2023

If it looks and feels like a STEMI clinically, get serial ECGs and consult Cardiology immediately. If it looks and feels like a STEMI clinically, get serial ECGs and consult Cardiology immediately. Take Home Points Provider assessment of how the patient looks is extremely important.

Coronary 135

Coronary STEMI EMS ED 135

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 7, 2024

So while there’s no diagnostic STEMI criteria, there are multiple ischemic abnormalities in 11/12 leads involving QRS, ST and T waves, which are diagnostic of a proximal LAD occlusion. First trop was 7,000ng/L (normal 25% of ‘Non-STEMI’ patients with delayed angiography have the exact same pathology of acute coronary occlusion.

STEMI 65

STEMI Coronary ALS OR 65

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JULY 9, 2024

He arrived to the ED with severe hypotension, heart rate in the 70s, unable to follow commands but moving all extremities requiring restraint and sedation, respiratory rate around 24/min being supported with bag valve mask, with significant hypoxemia. His family started CPR and called EMS, who arrived to find him in ventricular fibrillation.

Defibrillator 115

Defibrillator STEMI CPR EMS 115

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 15, 2024

A prehospital “STEMI” activation was called on a 75 year old male ( Patient 1 ) with a history of hyperlipidemia and LAD and Cx OMI with stent placement. He arrived to the ED by helicopter at 1507, about three hours after the start of his chest pain while chopping wood around noon. He wrote most of it and I (Smith) edited.

OR 115

OR STEMI Coronary ED 115

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JANUARY 27, 2024

So this NSTEMI was likely a STEMI(-)OMI with delayed reperfusion. The patient was admitted as ‘NSTEMI’ which is supposed to represent a non-occlusive MI, but the underlying pathophysiology is analogous to a transient STEMI. See these posts: Chest Pain, ST Elevation, and an Elevated Troponin: Should we Activate the Cath Lab?

STEMI 116

STEMI Coronary ACS ED 116

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 27, 2023

The biggest problem with STEMI criteria are false negatives – because this costs patient’s myocardium, with greater mortality and morbidity. The essential "immediate" decision to be made in "zero time" in the ED, is whether or not prompt cath and reperfusion is needed. Could this false positive cath lab activation been prevented?

STEMI 109

STEMI Coronary OR ED 109

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 5, 2024

An undergraduate (not yet in medical school) who works as an ED technician (records all EKGs, helps with procedures, takes vital signs) and who reads this blog regularly arrived at work and happened to glance down and see this previously recorded ECG on a table in the ED. The young ED tech immediately suspected LAD OMI.

ED 123

ED STEMI Coronary Paramedic 123

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 28, 2020

This ECG was texted to me with the implied question "Is this a STEMI?": I responded that it is unlikely to be a STEMI. Septal STEMI often has ST depression in V5, V6, reciprocal to V1. Then combine with clinical presentation and low pretest probability 2 Saddleback STEMIs A Very Subtle LAD Occlusion.T-wave wave in V1??

STEMI 52

STEMI OR ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

AUGUST 11, 2024

While STEMI negative, the ECG is diagnostic of proximal LAD occlusion. It’s unclear if the paramedic ECGs were seen or missed in the ED. Transient STEMI” are often managed like non-STEMI with delayed angiography, which is very risky. At this point the emergency physician asked for a stat cardiology consult.

STEMI 99

STEMI Paramedic Coronary EMS 99

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 20, 2024

This was sent by an undergraduate (not yet in medical school, but applying now) who works as an ED technician (records all EKGs, helps with procedures, takes vital signs) and who reads this blog regularly. The patient re-presented to the ED a few days after his discharge with syncope. Edited by Smith He also sent me this great case.

CAD 124

CAD STEMI Coronary ACS 124

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 31, 2024

The interventional cardiologist then canceled the activation and returned the patient to the ED without doing an angiogram ("Not a STEMI"). Despite the ACC guidelines for posterior STEMI, the cardiologist again refused to take the patient to the cath lab. mm STE in the posterior leads.

STEMI 110

STEMI ACS ED 110

Pulsara

JANUARY 25, 2024

With a new protocol and Pulsara, Metropolitan Emergency Medical Services can now transport eligible pediatric behavioral health patients directly to behavioral health facilities—resulting in a 44% decrease of pediatric behavioral health patients transported to the ED. MEMS transports around 77,000 patients each year.

Emergency Medical Services 115

Emergency Medical Services EMS STEMI Emergency Department 115

Core EM

NOVEMBER 15, 2023

He arrived initially with diaphoresis and pallor which have self-resolved following arrival to the ED. Serial ECG's should be obtained to assess for evolution to acute STEMI. As demonstrated by this case, serial EKG’s may show complete resolution of these findings without progressing into a STEMI pattern.

Coronary 130

Coronary STEMI ED 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 26, 2023

Methods and Results Patients with confirmed ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by emergency medical services were included in this retrospective cohort analysis of the AVOID study. Having severe pain drives people to the ED for faster treatment! We analyzed 1409 STEMI activations (69% male, 66.3 years old ± 13.7

STEMI 118

STEMI Coronary Emergency Medical Services OR 118

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 18, 2023

4,5] We have now formally studied this question: Emergency department Code STEMI patients with initial electrocardiogram labeled ‘normal’ by computer interpretation: a 7-year retrospective review.[6] have published a number of warnings about the previous reassuring studies.[4,5]

STEMI 118

STEMI Emergency Department Coronary OR 118

EMDocs

SEPTEMBER 19, 2023

On ED arrival GCS is 3, there are rapid eye movements to the right but no other apparent seizure activity. Official diagnosis requires EEG, which is not something we can typically obtain in the ED. This document covers high sensitivity troponin, risk disposition pathways, and STEMI equivalents.

STEMI 102

STEMI Coronary Emergency Department ICU 102

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 10, 2025

Our data corroborate that immediate management of a patient with a normal automated triage ECG reading is not modified by real-time ED physician ECG interpretation." Smith comment: we showed that the first troponin, even in full-blown STEMI, is negative 25% of the time. But according to Langlois-Carbonneau et al.,

STEMI 88

STEMI OR Coronary Emergency Department 88

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MAY 2, 2019

They wanted to know if I would like them to activate the outside hospital's "STEMI alert." But of course, this is not a STEMI by definition as it does not meet STEMI criteria. The STEMI guidelines do state that hyperacute T-waves "may indicate early acute myocardial infarction" but do not discuss it as a "STEMI equivalent."

STEMI 52

STEMI ALS ED OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

MARCH 4, 2024

Unknown algorithm The Queen gets it right Case 4 How unreliable are computer algorithms in the Diagnosis of STEMI? The patient's prehospital ECG showed that there was massive STEMI and these are hyperacute T-waves "on the way down" as they normalize. The Queen gets it right First ED ECG: Hyperacute T-waves persist.

STEMI 126

STEMI OR ED ALS 126

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 29, 2023

Both cases had an EMS ECG that was transmitted to the ED physician asking "should we activate the cath lab?" Here they are: Patient 1, ECG1: Zoll computer algorithm stated: " STEMI , Anterior Infarct" Patient 2, ECG1: Zoll computer algorithm stated: "ST elevation, probably benign early repolarization." What do you think?

OR 124

OR STEMI EMS ED 124

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 17, 2016

Jason was very skeptical of STEMI. This also argues against STEMI. Unfortunately, this option might not be available for pre-hospital tracings ( but it can be done once the patient arrives in the ED for their initial hospital tracing ). He complained of 3 days of diarrhea and abdominal pain. What do you think? Jason, I agree.

STEMI 52

STEMI OR Coronary EMS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 12, 2013

A male in his 40's who had been discharged 6 hours prior after stenting of an inferoposterior STEMI had sudden severe SOB at home 2 hours prior to calling 911. The patient was transported to the ED. Here is his ED ECG: There is sinus tachycardia. Is this acute STEMI? Is this an acute STEMI? -- Unlikely!

STEMI 52

STEMI ED Coronary OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 13, 2023

There’s inferior ST depression which is reciprocal to subtle lateral convex ST elevation, and the precordial T waves are subtly hyperacute – all concerning for STEMI(-)OMI of proximal LAD. There’s ST elevation I/aVL/V2 that meet STEMI criteria. This is obvious STEMI(+)OMI of proximal LAD. Non-STEMI or STEMI(-)OMI?

STEMI 52

STEMI Paramedic Coronary ALS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 5, 2023

Here is his initial ED ECG: What do you think? Here it is: Obvious Inferior Posterior STEMI (+) OMI. Then the ED doc would be dependent on that first ECG. Initial troponin was: 3 ng/L We showed that the first troponin in acute STEMI is often negative in at least 27%. Or had not had a prehospital ECG on the ambulance.

STEMI 96

STEMI Coronary ED Ambulance 96

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

OCTOBER 1, 2023

He called EMS who brought him to the ED. She knows the baseline is normal, and she knows the STEMI(-) OMI one is diagnostic of OMI, with the highest possible confidence. Here is the EM decision making: "The patient's EKG revealed some repolarization abnormalities but no clear signs of a STEMI. ED Diagnoses: 1.

OR 126

OR STEMI Coronary CAD 126

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 17, 2014

Self-medicated with 600 mg Ibuprofen and 750 mg Paracetamol (no change) prior to driving to the ED. See my formula for differentiating anterior LV aneurysm (that is to say, persistent ST elevation after old MI) from acute anterior STEMI. Both support acute anterior STEMI. BP 112/80, SpO2 100%. Unremarkable physical examination.

STEMI 52

STEMI Coronary OR ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

JUNE 18, 2011

This is a 45 yo male who had an inferior STEMI 6 months prior, was found to have severe LAD and left main disease, and was supposed to be set up for CABG a few weeks later, but did not follow up. But it could be anterior STEMI. 40% of anterior STEMI has upward concavity in all of leads V2-V6. is likely anterior STEMI).

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS ED OR 52

EMS 12-Lead

MAY 20, 2022

This worried the crew of potential acute coronary syndrome and STEMI was activated pre-hospital. Below is the initial ED ECG. As it currently stands, an ST/S ratio >15% should raise awareness for new anterior STEMI. Manual of Cardiovascular Medicine (5th ed.). Smith comment : V5 and V6 are excessively discordant!!!!

Coronary 130

Coronary STEMI ED Firefighter 130

The Skeptics' Guide to EM

SEPTEMBER 11, 2021

He is interested and experienced in healthcare informatics, previously worked with ED-directed EMR design, and is involved in the New York City Health and Hospitals Healthcare Administration Scholars Program (HASP). She arrives in the emergency department (ED) with decreased level of consciousness and shock.

EMR 130

EMR Coronary Defibrillator Life Support 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 21, 2020

Are Some Cardiologists Really Limited by Strict Adherence to STEMI millimeter criteria? He was found in ventricular fibrillation and defibrillated, then brought to a local ED which does not have a cath lab. Here is the initial ED ECG: This is pretty obviously and inferior posterior OMI, right? It is a STEMI equivalent.

STEMI 52

STEMI Defibrillator ED ACS 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 29, 2023

Sent by anonymous, written by Pendell Meyers, reviewed by Smith and Grauer A man in his 40s presented to the ED with HTN, DM, and smoking history for evaluation of acute chest pain. In the available view of the sinus rhythm, we see normal variant STE which probably meets STEMI criteria in V4 and V5. Triage ECG: What do you think?

STEMI 129

STEMI ED OR Coronary 129

EMS 12-Lead

MARCH 19, 2023

It doesn’t meet any conventional STEMI criteria, but there is patently obvious increased area under the curve. But until its magic is available at bedside the clinician must train his/her eyes to spot the subtle features of OMI, and equally allow the bias of STEMI to fossilize. Is this OMI?

Coronary 130

Coronary STEMI Paramedic Defibrillator 130

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

FEBRUARY 16, 2019

Furthermore, the term "STEMI equivalent" has no reliable or definable meaning except between two practitioners who both agree on the list of entities that they believe are STEMI equivalents and can agree on how to identify it. Obvious inferoposterior STEMI. J ACC 61(4):e78-140; page e83.

STEMI 52

STEMI E-9-1-1 ACS OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 20, 2011

This is as clear a STEMI as you can get. So this is classic inferoposterior STEMI on the ECG but is NOT acute coronary syndrome! The structure at the bottom that is moving is the mitral valve, with anterior and posterior leaflets. This could not have been known without the angiogram.

Coronary 52

Coronary STEMI ACS ED 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

NOVEMBER 15, 2023

[link] Case continued She arrived in the ED and here is the first ED ECG. STEMI MINOCA versus NSTEMI MINOCA STEMI occurs in the presence of transmural ischaemia due to transient or persistent complete occlusion of the infarct-related coronary artery. I don't know if her pain was getting better or not. From Gue at al.

Coronary 109

Coronary E-9-1-1 STEMI ACS 109

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

APRIL 2, 2014

He had an immediate ED ECG: There is artifact, but the findings appear to be largely gone now The diagnosis is acute MI, but not STEMI. His pain was intermittent and he was vague about when it was present and when it was resolved. Here is his prehospital ECG: Diagnosis?

STEMI 52

STEMI ACS Coronary OR 52

Dr. Smith's ECG Blog

SEPTEMBER 29, 2024

This certainly looks like an anterior STEMI (proximal LAD occlusion), with STE and hyperacute T-waves (HATW) in V2-V6 and I and aVL. On arrival to the ED, this ECG was recorded: What do you think? How do you explain the anterior STEMI(+)OMI immediately after ROSC evolving into posterior OMI 30 minutes later?

STEMI 109

STEMI Coronary Defibrillator OR 109